Industrial Revolution Timeline

1. Industrial Revolution Timeline

2. George Washington • 1789 • Samuel Slater leaves England and brings Richard Arkwright’s spinning machine designs to America. This introduces the factory systemin America • 1793 • Eli Whitney invents the cotton gin. This makes cleaning the cotton faster, which increases the need for slaves, and continues to push Native Americans off of their land. More land is required now that cotton production and cleaning is faster.

3. Cotton Gin Spinning Machine

4. Thomas Jefferson • 1807 • Fulton’s commercial Steamboat increased waterway trade dramatically due to shortened travel time between destinations since you no longer had to rely on river currents, wind, or man power for travel by boat. Steamboat + faster trade = $$$

6. James Madison • 1809 • Eli Whitney begins promoting the concept of interchangeable parts, which leads to mass production • 1810 • Congress agrees to build the National Road • 1811 • Construction begins on the National Road, allowed faster trade and travel which encouraged the free enterprise system of economy • 1814 • Francis Cabot Lowell opens his textile plant in Waltham, Mass. Launching the factory system

7. Interchangeable Parts National Road Textile Mills

8. James Monroe • 1824 • The American System (Henry Clay’s program) Included a protective tariff, a program of internal improvements such as roads and canals, to stimulate trade and a national bank to control inflation and to lend money to build developing industries. • 1825 • Erie Canal opened on Oct. 26th, which provided faster waterway trade and travel. Canals spurred the first great westward movement of American settlers

10. Andrew Jackson • 1828-1837 • 1828 • The Baltimore and Ohio railroad is built. • 1831-1835 • Various telegraphs invented along with Morse Code. Many telegraph lines followed the railroads which enhanced communication capabilities • 1831 • Cyrus McCormick invents the mechanical reaper, which increases farming production • 1837 • John Deere invents steel plow

11. B&O Railroad Telegraph

12. Mechanical Reaper Steel Plow Combine Machine

13. James K. Polk • 1845 • Elias Howe invents the sewing machine resulting in many women working in sewing factories. The invention is patented on September 10, 1846.

14. Zachary Taylor • 1850 • The North remained industrial- the number of factories increased causing cities to expand, the railroads facilitated the expansion of industry. • The South remained agricultural • Upper South: Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, Kentucky, Tennessee, Missouri • Produced tobacco, hemp, wheat, and vegetables • Deep South: Georgia, South Carolina, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas and Texas. • Produced mainly cotton (Cotton Kingdom) and in some areas rice and sugarcane.

15. Factories Upper South Deep South

16. Pierce Cont. • 1855 • Bessemer steel process was patented. Bessemer patented "a decarbonization process, utilizing a blast of air" to create steel in 1855. This is the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel which causes an increase in production and in jobs. The Bessemer process created a high quality of steel that could be used to make such things as the railroad.

17. Andrew Johnson 1869 • Transcontinental railroad completed. Railroads created a nationwide transportation network the united the nation. Larger quantities of goods over longer distances was now possible.