1 / 89

Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Chapter 11 The Urinary System. Function. Maintaining Homeostasis Constantly filtering blood to remove urea and other waste products Maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and other substances by removing or reabsorbing them as needed

xue
Download Presentation

Medical Terminology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Medical Terminology Chapter 11 The Urinary System Medical Terminology

  2. Function • Maintaining Homeostasis • Constantly filtering blood to remove urea and other waste products • Maintaining the proper balance of water, salts, and other substances by removing or reabsorbing them as needed • Excreting the waste products via the urine Medical Terminology

  3. Anatomy & Physiology • Urinary System • 2 kidneys • 2 ureters • 1 urethra • 1 bladder Medical Terminology

  4. Anatomy & Physiology • Urine is formed in the kidneys • Ureters carry the urine to the bladder • Bladder is a temporary reservoir for the urine • Urine is excreted through the urethra Medical Terminology

  5. Anatomy & Physiology Function of the Kidneys • Maintain the chemical composition of the blood by selective secretion of solutes • Maintain blood pH, thus contributing to acid base balance • Excretion of nitrogenous waste products of protein metabolism, mainly urea, uric acid, and creatinine • Degrade insulin • Metabolize Vitamin D to its active form • Production of renin, erythropoietin, and prostaglandins • Maintain plasma volume by varying the excretion of water Medical Terminology

  6. Anatomy & Physiology • Renal • Pertaining to the kidney • Ureteral • Pertaining to the ureter • Cyst(o) • Bladder, cyst or fluid filled sac • Urethral • Pertaining to the urethra Medical Terminology

  7. Anatomy & Physiology • Kidney is encased in a fibrous capsule • Fibrous capsule provides protection • The notch or depression on the inner border where the renal artery, renal vein, lymphatics, and nerves enter or leave the kidney • Hilum • Pyel(o) • Renal pelvis • Funnel shaped structure located in the center of each kidney Medical Terminology

  8. Anatomy & Physiology • Nephr(o) • Kidney • Nephron • Functional unit of kidney comprised of a glomerulus and tubules. • Glomerulus is a cluster of blood vessels surrounded by Bowman's capsule Medical Terminology

  9. Anatomy & Physiology • Glomerulus • Filter for the blood • Bowman’s capsule collects the substances that filter through the glomerular walls and passes them through a long twisting tube. • The renal tubule is a long twisting tubule that consists of a proximal tubule, a loop of Henle, and a distal tubule that opens into a collecting duct. • The function of the nephron is to filter blood and reabsorption of the substances that the body conserves. Medical Terminology

  10. Anatomy & Physiology • Waste products and some of remaining water in the tubules after reabsorption combine to become urine • This urine passes through the collecting duct to the renal pelvis • From renal pelvis urine passes through the ureters to the bladder • Bladder – collapsible muscular bag that serves as a reservoir for urine Medical Terminology

  11. Anatomy & Physiology • Healthy bladder can hold 500 ml ( 1 pint) or more • Micturition, voiding, urination – expelling urine form the bladder • Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) calculates the volume of fluid filtered by the glomeruli Medical Terminology

  12. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Physical Assessment – KUB • Abdominal inspection • Auscultation • Palpation • Percussion Medical Terminology

  13. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Laboratory tests – Urinalysis • Color • Specific gravity • Chemicals • pH, urea, ammonia, creatinine, salts, sugar, albumin, ketones, blood Medical Terminology

  14. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Gylcosuria • Sugar in the urine • Hematuria • Blood in the urine • Proteinuria • Protein in the urine • Albuminuria • Albumin in the urine • Ketonuria • Ketones in the urine Medical Terminology

  15. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Microscopic study • Body cells • Crystals • Bacteria • Pyuria • Pus in the urine • Pus – necrotic white blood cells Medical Terminology

  16. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Urine culture • Identify pathogenic bacteria present • Urine sensitivity • Antibiotic sensitivity test Medical Terminology

  17. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Voided specimen • Clean catch specimen • Catheterized specimen • 24 hour urine collection • Urine • Calcium • Creatinine Medical Terminology

  18. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Blood tests • Serum creatinine test • Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) Medical Terminology

  19. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Urinary Catheterization • Catheter through urethra • Temporary or permanent drainage of urine • Urethral • Ureteral • Suprapubic • Nephrostomy Medical Terminology

  20. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Urodynamic studies • Cystometrography • Measure bladder capacity in relation to changing urine pressure • Electromyography • Evaluate the strength of the muscles used in voiding Medical Terminology

  21. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Urinary Radiography • KUB X-ray (kidneys, ureters, bladder) • Intravenous pyelography (IVP) • Cystography • Urethrography • Cystourethrography • Voiding cystourethrogram Medical Terminology

  22. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Renal angiography • Renal arteriogram • Kidney scan (renography) • Nephrosonography • Nephrotomography Medical Terminology

  23. Diagnostic Tests & Procedures • Visual examination of the bladder • Cystoscopy • Urethroscopy • Cystourethroscopy • Nephroscopy Medical Terminology

  24. Pathologies • Uropathy • Any disease of the urinary tract • Renovascular disorders • Affecting Blood vessels of the kidneys • Dysuria • Difficult or painful urination • Polyuria • Excretion of an abnormally large amount of urine Medical Terminology

  25. Pathologies • Anuria • Absence of urination • olig(o) • Few • Oliguria • Diminished capacity to form urine Medical Terminology

  26. Pathologies • Urination Patterns • Urgency • Frequency • Hesitancy • Urinary retention • Incomplete emptying of the bladder • Urinary reflex • Abnormal backward or return flow of urine from the bladder into the ureters Medical Terminology

  27. Pathologies • Continence • Ability to control bladder or bowel function • Urinary incontinence • Inability to control urination • Enuresis • Inability to control urination (bedwetting) • Nocturia • Excessive urination at night Medical Terminology

  28. Pathologies • Nephromegaly • Enlarged kidney (unilateral, bilateral) • Uremia • Accumulation of toxic products in the blood Medical Terminology

  29. Pathologies • Acute renal failure • Oliguria • Rapid accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood • Caused by • Nephritis • Interference with renal blood flow • Conditions that disrupt urinary output • Reversible when cause is identified and treated Medical Terminology

  30. Pathologies • Chronic renal failure • Condition in which the kidney gradually ceases to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. • Uremia is a major characteristic. • May lead to the need for dialysis • Kidney impairment is not reversible once the disease progress to the end stage. Medical Terminology

  31. Pathologies • Nephrotoxic • Substance that is toxic or destructive to the kidney cells • Nephrolysis • Destruction of the kidney or freeing the kidney from adhesions • Nephromalacia • Abnormal softening of the kidney Medical Terminology

  32. Pathologies • Urethrorrhagia • Urethral hemorrhage • Urethrorrhea • Discharge from the urethra Medical Terminology

  33. Pathologies • Urinary Tract Infection • Infection of one or more structures of the urinary system • Urinary frequency • Discomfort during urination • Backache • Fever • Blood or pus in urine Medical Terminology

  34. Pathologies • Septicemia • Systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating blood, having spread from an infection in another part of the body such as the urinary tract • Urethritis • Pyelonephritis Medical Terminology

  35. Pathologies • Cystitis • Inflammation of the bladder • Ureteritis • Inflammation of a ureter • Ureteropathy • Any disease of the ureter • Ureteropyelonephritis • Inflammation of ureter, renal pelvis and the kidney Medical Terminology

  36. Pathologies • Pyelonephritis • Inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis • Polycystic kidney disease • Renal disorder in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts. Also called polycystic renal disease. Medical Terminology

  37. Pathologies • Nephritis • Inflammation and abnormal kidney function • Glomerulonephritis • Glomeruli within the kidneys are inflamed • Nephrotic syndrome • Abnormal condition of the kidney characterized by marked proteinuria and edema • Diabetic nephropathy • Disease of the kidneys resulting from diabetes mellitus Medical Terminology

  38. Pathologies • Obstructive nephropathies • Conditions that interfere with the flow of urine • Prolapsed adjacent structures • Tumors • Stones • Narrowing of ureters or urethra • Dysfunctions of the bladder • Hydronephrosis • Hydroureter Medical Terminology

  39. Pathologies • Uterine prolapse • Loss of support that anchors the uterus, can result in pressure on the bladder • Urethrocele • Herniation of the urethra • Cystocele • Herniation of the bladder Medical Terminology

  40. Pathologies • Benign prostatic hyperplasia • Enlargement of the prostate • Nonmalignant • Noninflammatory • Common in men over 50 years of age Medical Terminology

  41. Pathologies • Urinary stones are named according to their location and can vary greatly in size • Nephrolithiasis • Kidney stone • Ureterolithiasis • Presence of stones in the ureter Medical Terminology

  42. Pathologies • Ureteral or urethral stricture • Narrowing of the lumen of the ureter or urethra • Ureteral stenosis • Urethral stenosis • Ureteralvesical junction • Pertains to ureter and bladder Medical Terminology

  43. Pathologies • Renovascular disease • Problems of the blood vessels of the kidney • Nephrosclerosis • Hardening of the small arteries of the kidney • Stenosis of the renal artery • Partial or complete blocking of one or both renal arteries • Thrombosis of the renal vein • Blood clot in the renal vein Medical Terminology

  44. Pathologies • Genitourinary and Urogenital • Pertains to the genitals as well as the urinary organs • Many genitourinary infections are sexually transmitted diseases • gon(o) • Genitals or reproduction • Gonorrhea • Infection known for its discharge Medical Terminology

  45. Pathologies • Gonococcus is the bacterium that causes, • Gonorrhea • Inflammation of the urethra • Urethritis Medical Terminology

  46. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Kidney Dialysis • When kidneys fail, dialysis removes waste products from the body • Hemodialysis • Blood is filtered • Peritoneal dialysis • Solution is introduced and drained from the peritoneal cavity Medical Terminology

  47. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Renal transplant • Kidney is received from a suitable donor • Nephrectomy • Surgical excision of a kidney • Immunosuppressive therapy Medical Terminology

  48. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Renal carcinoma • Cancer of the kidney • Cystectomy • Surgical excision of the bladder • Urinary diversion • Ureterostomy • Nephrostomy • Transureteroureterostomy Medical Terminology

  49. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Lithotripsy • Crushing of a stone • Litholysis • Dissolving a kidney stone • Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) • Ultrasonic energy form a source outside the body to break up a stone Medical Terminology

  50. Surgical & Therapeutic Interventions • Nephrolithotomy • Removal of kidney stones by cutting through the body of the kidney • Pyelolithotomy • Removal of a stone from the renal pelvis • Ureterolithotomy • Removal of stone from the ureter • Cystolithotomy • Removal of stone form the bladder Medical Terminology

More Related