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Civil War Begins

Civil War Begins. 1861-1865. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all of the slaves, I would do it.”

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Civil War Begins

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  1. Civil War Begins 1861-1865

  2. “My paramount object in this struggle is to save the Union, and not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it, and if I could save the Union by freeing all of the slaves, I would do it.” -- Abraham Lincoln Election of Lincoln (Republican)

  3. A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union • We hold as undeniable truths that the governments of the various States, and of the confederacy itself, were established exclusively by the white race, for themselves and their posterity; that the African race had no agency in their establishment; that they were rightfully held and regarded as an inferior and dependent race, and in that condition only could their existence in this country be rendered beneficial or tolerable. South secedes (leave the Union)

  4. Our position is thoroughly identified with the institution of slavery-- the greatest material interest of the world. Its labor supplies the product which constitutes by far the largest and most important portions of commerce of the earth. These products are peculiar to the climate verging on the tropical regions, and by an imperious law of nature, none but the black race can bear exposure to the tropical sun. These products have become necessities of the world, and a blow at slavery is a blow at commerce and civilization. That blow has been long aimed at the institution, and was at the point of reaching its consummation. There was no choice left us but submission to the mandates of abolition, or a dissolution of the Union, whose principles had been subverted to work out our ruin. A Declaration of the Immediate Causes which Induce and Justify the Secession of the State of Mississippi from the Federal Union.

  5. We affirm that these ends for which this Government was instituted have been defeated, and the Government itself has been made destructive of them by the action of the non-slaveholding States. Those States have assume the right of deciding upon the propriety of our domestic institutions; and have denied the rights of property established in fifteen of the States and recognized by the Constitution; they have denounced as sinful the institution of slavery; they have permitted open establishment among them of societies, whose avowed object is to disturb the peace and to eloign the property of the citizens of other States. They have encouraged and assisted thousands of our slaves to leave their homes; and those who remain, have been incited by emissaries, books and pictures to servile insurrection. Declaration of the Immediate Causes Which Induce and Justify the Secession of South Carolina from the Federal Union

  6. April 1861, first shot, starts the Civil War Fort Sumter

  7. North – President Lincoln • Capital – Washington, DC • South – President Jefferson Davis • Capital – Richmond , VA Union (USA) vs. Confederacy (CSA)

  8. South 9 million people, 1/3 were slaves, South did not use them, 11 states North • 22 million people, 24 states, outnumber South 4 to 1 • Would allow blacks to fight Population, States

  9. South Agricultural, especially staple crops which needed to be sold (leads to food shortages later), 9,000 miles of RR North • Variety of economic resources, 92% of the nation’s industry, 22,000 miles of RR Industry, Infrastructure

  10. South Defensive War Protect homes, land, way of life Know the terrain North • Offensive War • Had to conquer a very large area Territory

  11. South Superior military leadership Robert E. Lee North • Few experienced officers • Eventually Ulysses S Grant Leadership

  12. South Asked Great Britain and France to help them “Johnny Reb” North • Border States – States which allowed slavery yet fought for the North • Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, Maryland Other

  13. South Fight a defensive war, hope the North gets tired and leaves North • Blockade the South (Anaconda), prevent imports and exports • Take control of Mississippi River, cut the Confederacy in two War Strategies

  14. Seize Washington, the Union capital South North • Seize Richmond, the Confederate capital War Strategies

  15. 1. Ironclad ships • 2. Rifles (longer and more accurate than muskets) • 3. Bullet shapes New Weapons of War

  16. Destruction of everything that could be used to help the enemy • Includes crops, livestock, homes, infrastructure Total War

  17. Property seized from the enemy • Escaping or seized slaves – are they property or humans? Contraband

  18. Clara Barton – later founds the Red Cross • Dorothea Dix People

  19. Matthew Brady • Photographer People

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