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Language typology

Language typology. An overview. What is the SAE? Standard Average European (Europe as a Sprachbund) Some SAE features referring to b oth Hungarian and Finnish : 1. Reduplication contructions? it does not exist 2. Comparative marking of adjectives ?

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Language typology

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  1. Language typology

  2. An overview

  3. What is the SAE? • Standard Average European (Europe as a Sprachbund) • Some SAE features referring to both Hungarian and Finnish: 1. Reduplication contructions? it does not exist 2. Comparative marking of adjectives? it does exist (e.g. nagyobb,isompi)

  4. 3. Particle comparative with standard of comparison? it does exist (mint, kuin) 4. An inclusive/exclusive oppositionin first person non-singularpronouns it does not exist BUT: cf. Udmurt mi-as’meos/achim 5. Declinable relative pronouns it does exist (aki, akivel, joka, jotakin, etc.)

  5. Morphological typology • What do you know about this topic? (when, the aim, the method of research) • 19th century • grouping languages • according to their common • morphological structures • main point: word construction

  6. What is the difference between isolation, agglutiation and flection?Which modell is better? Why?

  7. TYPOLOGY ON WORD ORDER TYPES CONTENTIVE TYPOLOGY system of alignment patterns Which are the main types of syntactic typology?

  8. What do you know about the transitivity chart? • Nominative alignment • Ergetive alignment • Triadic (tripartite) alignment

  9. Types of alignment • Nominative: S=A≠P • Ergative S=P ≠A • Triadic S ≠A ≠P

  10. What is an active language or pattern? In active languages (like the eastern dialect of Pomo) the alignment is based on the agentivity of the „subject”. Two main cases: active inactive/stative verb For instance: I-duk fall asleep. (I don’t want to do that.) (-duk is a fictive case non-agent marking) I-muk run. (-muk is a fictive case for agent marking) I kiss him. (Because I want to do that.) Which „case”I should use in this sentence? Why?

  11. What do you know about this branching scema?

  12. Prenominative relics in nominative languages • The nominative alignment construction is the newest alingment type • Historically it has a node with the proto triadic system, which has a node with the proto ergative system, etc. • Some argues for the above mentioned historical development • For instence: ergative and impersonal constructions, medialization

  13. What could have been the original status of particles? • Particles originally could have been predicates. • Because: • Particles can stand insted of clauses. • They can express predicative functions. • In some languages (e.g. in Finnish) some particle markers has developed from the same elements like some derivational morphemes of verbs . • Fi. luke-va tyttyö ‘a reading girl, a girl who is reading’ he luke-va-t ‘they are reading’

  14. TYPOLOGY ON WORD ORDER TYPES CONTENTIVE TYPOLOGY system of alignment patterns Which are the main types of syntactic typology?

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