Medical Terminology

1. Medical Terminology Basic Word Structure

2. Basic Word Structure Objectives: • To divide medical terms into componentparts • To analyze, pronounce, and spell medical terms using common combining forms, suffixes and prefixes.

3. Test Questions • Anything found in your book AND on the slide show are FAIR GAME for test questions.

4. Word Analysis • Medical words are used everyday in a medical setting • If you work in a medical setting • If you are a patient in a hospital • If you are in a doctor’s office • Speaking with family members about conditions they might have

5. Understanding • You can understand a word even if you have never heard it before! • Complicated words can be broken down into parts and the meaning deduced from the parts. • To deduce means: to arrive at a conclusion or fact by reasoning; to draw a logical conclusion

6. The 3 “Rs” • The best way to learn this material: • wRite • Write out the words/meanings • Color-Code if possible • Repeat • Do it again • Review • Flashcards, writing, saying, etc. • Colors used here: • Prefix (blue) • Root (Purple) • Combining Vowel (green) • Suffix (red) • Important words (brown)

7. When studying flashcards • Start with a few (3-6). • Pick 1-2 that are hard, 1-2 that are easy • Repeat them till memorized. • Add a few more (2-3) unknown ones. • Mix with original pile, repeat till memorized. • Repeat adding a few at a time till they are all memorized. **We will be doing flashcards daily!**

8. Example 1 – How to break down a word Hematology Root Combining Vowel Suffix Not shown: Prefix (Would go before root in example1)

9. How to analyze a word • Begin at the END of the word • Suffix • Next look at the BEGINNING of the word • Word root (or sometimes prefix) • Next look at the combining vowel • This will help you to break the word up into its parts – “O” is the most common combining vowel.

10. Example 1(cont.) What does it mean? Hematology Root (blood) Combining Vowel Suffix (study of) Answer:The Study of Blood

11. Example 2 What does it mean? Electrocardiogram Root (electricity) Root (heart) Combining Vowels Suffix (record) Answer:Record of the Electricity in the Heart

12. Combining Form • Combining vowel and root word together • Examples: • Electr/o:Electricity • Cardi/o:Heart • Gastr/o: Stomach • Enter/o: Intestines

13. Example 3 What does it mean? Gastroenterology Root (stomach) Root (intestines) Combining Vowels Suffix (Study of) Answer:The Study of the Stomach and the Intestines

14. Common Suffixes • -scope • Instrument used to visually examine • -ic • Pertaining to • -ac • Pertaining to • -itis • Inflammation

15. Prefixes • Found at the beginning of a word and can change a meaning. • Examples: • Sub- • below • Trans- • across • Retro- • Behind

16. Important Rules • Read a medical word starting at the suffix, then going to the prefix (if present), and then root word(s)from left to right. • If a suffix begins with a vowel, drop the combining vowel. • If two root words are combined, keep the combining vowel even if the second root word begins with a vowel.

17. Example 4 What does it mean? Gastroscope Root (stomach) Combining Vowel Suffix (instrument used to visually examine) Answer:Instrument used to visually examine the stomach

18. Example 5 What does it mean? Gastric Root (stomach) Suffix (pertaining to) Answer:Pertaining to the stomach * Combining Vowel is dropped because “-ic” begins with a vowel

19. Example 6 What does it mean? Cardiac Root (heart) Suffix (pertaining to) Answer:Pertaining to the heart * Combining Vowel is dropped because “-ac” begins with a vowel

20. Example 7 What does it mean? Enteritis Root (intestines) Suffix (inflammation) Answer:inflammation of the intestines * Combining Vowel is dropped because “-itis” begins with a vowel

21. Example 8 What does it mean? Gastroenteritis Root (stomach) Root (intestines) Suffix (inflammation) Combining Vowel Answer:The Study of the Stomach and the Intestines * Combining Vowel is dropped because “-itis” begins with a vowel

22. Assignment: • In Notebooks: • Put today’s date • Title: Combining forms: Workbook pages 5-14 • Write the medical term and meaning for each item found. Number each item (there are 39 of them)

23. Answers • Be prepared to share your answers to workbook pages 5-14. • Learning to pronounce the words is part of this class!

24. What happens in a stroke? • Blood flow is slowed or stopped to an area of the brain. • The following may occur: • Aphasia (loss of speech) • Paralysis (loss of movement) • Weakness • Changes in the 5 senses.

25. Two types of Stroke:

26. What is the prostate gland? • Gland in males only • Sits below the bladder (where urine is stored) • Secretes fluid that combines with sperm to form semen (fluid that leaves the urethra during ejaculation)

27. Blood Cells - Erythrocytes • Red Blood Cells • Carry Oxygen

28. Blood Cells - Leukocytes • Help to fight disease • Also known as White Blood Cells • Five different types: • Eosinophil • Basophil • Neutrophil • Lymphocyte • Monocyte

29. Blood Cells - Thrombocytes • Platelets • Help the blood to clot

30. All the Blood Parts: (sizes)

31. Plural words (Part 1) • If a word ends in “a”, keep the “a” and add an “e”. • Vertebra (backbone) • Plural: vertebrae • Bursa (sack of fluid near a joint) • Plural: bursae • If a word ends in “is”, drop the “is” and add “es” • Diagnosis (nature and cause of disease) • Plural: diagnoses • Psychosis (abnormal condition of the mind) • Plural: psychoses

32. Plural words (Part 2) • If a word ends in “ex” or “ix”, drop the “ex” or “ix” and add an “ices”. • Cortex (Outer parts of organs) • Plural: cortices • Varix (enlarged, swollen vein) • Plural: varices • If a word ends in “on”, drop the “on” and add “a” • ganglion (groups of nerve cells or benign cysts near a joint) • Plural: ganglia

33. Plural words (Part 3) • If a word ends in “um”, drop the “um” and add an “a”. • Bacterium (Type of one-celled organism) • Plural: bacteria • Ovum (egg cell) • Plural: Ova • If a word ends in “us”, drop the “us” and add “i” • Bronchus (tubes leading from the windpipe to the lungs) • Plural: bronchi • Calculus (stones) • Plural: Calculi

34. Plural words (Part 4) • Exceptions to the rules: • Virus (small infectious agent that can replicate inside other living cells) • Plural: Viruses • Sinus (cavity within the bone or other tissue) • Plural: Sinuses

35. Assignment: • Worksheet: • “Plurals and Basics” • Complete and turn in • Flashcards: • Study

36. What is a hematoma? • Blood trapped in the skin or under an organ Left: Subungual hematoma Bottom left: Hickie

37. Medical Examiner Versus a Coroner

38. Medical Examiner versus a Coroner • Autopsy: Process of viewing self (viewing the cause of a patient’s death) • Biopsy: Process of viewing life (viewing of live tissue under a microscope) • Pathologist: Medical doctor who does autopsies and views biopsies • Medical Examiner (M.E.): is a pathologist who specializes in forensic medicine related to crimes. • Coroner: Elected official who investigates any suspicious death (may or may not be a Medical Examiner)

39. Medical terms using “-logy” - 1 • Cardiology • Study of the heart • Dermatology • Study of the skin • Endocrinology • Study of the endocrine glands • Gastroenterology • Study of the stomach and intestines • Gynecology • Study of women and women’s diseases • Rheumatology • Study of joint diseases

40. Medical terms using “-logy” - 2 • Hematology • Study of the blood • Neurology • Study of the nerves, brain and spinal cord • Oncology • Study of tumors (cancerous or malignant) • Opthalmology • Study of the eye • Pathology • Study of disease • Psychology • Study of the mind and mental disorders

41. Assignment: • In Notebooks: • Put today’s date • Title: Suffixes and Prefixes: Workbook pages 15-20 • Write the medical term and meaning for each item found. Number each item (there are 40of them)

42. Answers • Be prepared to share your answers to workbook pages 15-20. • Learning to pronounce the words is part of this class!

43. Graves Disease • Hyperthryoidism: condition of excessive thyroid (hormone)

44. Laparoscopy • Lapar/o: abdomen • -scopy: process of visual examination

45. Arthroscopy • Arthr/o: joint • -scopy: visual examination

46. Hyperglycemia • Condition of having excessive glucose (sugar) • Type 1 diabetes: • Lack of insulin • Type 2 diabetes: • Insulin doesn’t work • Both results in excess sugar remaining in the blood instead of being transported into the cells so that energy can be made.

47. What is it like to live with diabetes? • Lets read Pages 21-22 together.

48. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Exercises: • Part A – Page 23 • Write the word, using a slash to divide into component parts • Write the meaning for the whole term. • Part B – Page 24 • Write out the sentence, underline the term used. • Part C – Page 24 • Write the word • Write the tissue/body part it describes • Write the meaning of the word.

49. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Exercises: • Part D – Page 25 • Write the word • Write the meaning • Part E – Page 25 • Write the suffix • Write the meaning • Part F – Page 26 • Write out the complete sentence • Underline the medical term you complete

50. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Exercises: • Part G – Page 26 • Write the prefix • Write the meaning • Part H – Page 27 • Write the medical term • Write the meaning • Part I – Page 27 • Write out the complete medical term (underline it) • Write the meaning