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Using Belleville Springs in Sealing Applications to Reduce Fugitive Emissions. George P. Davet Solon Manufacturing Co. Belleville Springs Division . Presenter. George Davet – B.S.M.E., M.B.A. Vice President/Chief Engineer, Solon Manufacturing Co.
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Using BellevilleSprings in Sealing Applications to Reduce Fugitive Emissions George P. Davet Solon Manufacturing Co.Belleville Springs Division
Presenter George Davet – B.S.M.E., M.B.A. Vice President/Chief Engineer, Solon Manufacturing Co. • George Davet, B.S.M.E., M.B.A., has been with Solon Manufacturing Company since 1993. He currently holds the position of Vice President/Chief Engineer for the Belleville Springs and Pressure Switch Divisions. His responsibilities include overseeing new product design, R&D testing programs, and application assistance for all of Solon Manufacturing’s products. George has written and published articles on the application of Belleville Springs. He has also presented to the valve industry on live loading applications. • George received his BSME from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. He received his MBA from Case Western Reserve University’s Weatherhead School of Management.
Section IBelleville Spring Definition and Theory? • Section IIApplications of Belleville Springs • Section IIIHow to Select a Belleville Spring
What is a Belleville Spring? Section I
Typical Belleville Spring Comprised of 5 Main Components • Outside Diameter • Inside Diameter • Material Thickness • Overall Height • Deflection or Movement (h) OD H h T ID
Typical Load Curve for a BellevilleSpring Load/Deflection Curve Other Multiple Load/ Deflection Possibilities depending on the design of the Belleville Spring
1500 lb. Flat Load (Example) 1500 1250 1000 750 500 0 20 0 10 15 Single Belleville Spring Load Deflection
Flat 100% No Load 0% 33% 66% 0lbs/0kg 1000lbs/454kg 500lbs/227kg 1500lbs/680kg Belleville Spring with 1500lb/6889kg Flat Load
Series Doubles deflection No load increase Parallel / Series Doubles load Doubles deflection Parallel Doubles load No deflection increase Single Specific load and deflection Stacking Arrangements of Solon Belleville Springs Flat load, deflection, or both may be altered by stacking Belleville springs in various arrangements
1250 1000 Load 750 500 250 0 60 0 20 40 Deflection Chart Deflection
Typical Orientation Belleville Spring Flat 100% Belleville Spring with No Load 0%
LNG Joint Diagram without Bellevilles Preload= 40,000 LBS. Residual Load= 16,000 LBS. Bolt Stretch =.005 DTE= .003
LNG Joint Diagram with a Belleville Load= 40,000 LBS Residual Load= 35,200 LBS Deflection= .025 DTE= .003
Applications of Belleville Springs Section II
Flange Live Loading Why Do Bolted GasketedJoints Leak?
Why Do Bolted Gasketed Joints Leak? # 1 Reason Loss of bolt preload
Uncontrolled VOC Emissions at a Typical Refinery or Chemical Plant = 609 = 93% *Source: Protocol for Equipment Leak Emissions Estimates, EPA-453/R-95-017
Selection Factors for Flange Washer Materials • Operating Temperature • ½ Process Temperature (non-insulated) • Gasket Material • Gasket Stress/Bolt Stress • Environment • Chlorides or Fluorides • Insulation
Flange Washer Materials • H-13 Tool Steel • 17-7 PH Stainless Steel • Inconel 718 • Other materials available
Installation Recommended for non H-13 Applications with high load requirements Recommended with bolt tension
Installation Using Tensioning FlangeWashers
Benefits to Using Flange Washers • Create a More Reliable Flange Assembly • Even load distribution • Maintains residual gasket/bolt load • Simplified Installation • Can be used with any bolting technique (torque wrench, tensioners, slug wrench)
Benefits to Using Flange Washers • Cost Savings • No need to hot tighten • Reusable • Longer gasket life • Lower fugitive emissions • Less down time • NO LEAKS !!!!!
What is Valve Live Loading? The addition of Belleville Springs to the gland follower studs maintains the packing load of the valve.
Which Valves are Candidates for Live Loading? • Frequently cycled valves • Operated valves (air or motor) • Critical applications • Safety or difficult location • History of packing leaks • Monitored valves
Reasons for Valve Leaks? • Wrong packing for the application • Bent, scored, or pitted valve stems • Improper packing installation • Infrequent use • Frequent or high cycles • Loss of Packing Load
With Live Load Without Live Load Live Loading Comparison 34.5 5000 3000 Packing Compressive Stress (MPa) 20.7 Packing Compressive Stress (PSI) 0 5 10 In - Service Consolidation (%)
Other Live Loaded Areas Live Loaded Bonnet BellevilleSprings
Ball ValvesLive Loaded Ball Seat Live Loaded Gland Seat Springs
How to Select a Belleville Spring for My Application Section III
Select Material Considerations: • Bolt Material • Temperature • Environment • Application • Cost • Availability
17-7 PH Stainless Steel ASTM A693 • Most widely used • Operating temperature range • -400ºF/-240ºC to 550ºF/288ºC • For indoor/outdoor service and corrosive atmospheres • NOT recommended for chloride or fluoride applications without plating • Suitable for cryogenic applications • Highly magnetic • Available Sulfamate Nickel plated (AMS 2424D)
301 Stainless Steel ASTM A666 • Operating temperature range • -400ºF/-240ºC to 550ºF/288ºC • For indoor/outdoor and corrosive atmospheres • Slightly magnetic • Finish: scale free and deburred
Inconel 718 ASTM B637 • Operating temperature range • -400ºF/-240ºC to 1100ºF/593ºC • For high temperature or corrosive atmospheres • Indoor/outdoor service • Non-magnetic
H-13 Tool Steel • Operating temperature range • Ambient to 1100ºF/593ºC • For indoor/outdoor, high temperature service • Fully magnetic • Finish: machined & lightly oiled ASTM A681
Select the Correct Size • ID- Inside Diameter • OD- Outside Diameter • Stacking Constraints • Load
Questions We Will Ask • Bolt Size • Bolt Material • Temperature • Environment • Application (valve, flange, other) • Size Constraints • Aim Preload
Thank you for your time. • George Davet Solon Manufacturing Co.