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Richard I ruled from 1189-1199 but spent very little time ruling his own country (only six months!). TASK : How did Phillips describe characters and events? 1. Draw arrows to the facts that may have been used to back-up the author’s descriptions below.
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Richard I ruled from 1189-1199 but spent very little time ruling his own country (only six months!) TASK: How did Phillips describe characters and events? 1. Draw arrows to the facts that may have been used to back-up the author’s descriptions below. 2. Circle those facts that appear to challenge the author’s description. 3. How might you change the descriptions below, so that you take all these facts into account? Richard beat Saladin at Acre and at the Battle of Arsuf On his return, Richard was captured. England had to pay the equivalent of £2 billion (2011) for his release Richard I spent many months preparing for his crusade in terms of supplies & money “Richard attacked the island [Cyprus], and eventually conquered all of it, which showed his strength and determination” To raise money for crusading, he created a tax (the ‘Saladin tithe’ ) which was effective but hated After capturing Jerusalem from the Christians, Saladin did not kill them “Richard personally cut down the enemy vigorously and his cleverleadership dealt a second terrible blow to Saladin’s reputation.” Saladin was the first Muslim leader to unite the Muslim cities of Aleppo, Mosul and Damascus Saladin sent fruit and his own doctor to Richard when he was ill to help him recover “Saladin suffered with is troops (he was often ill) and offered generous treatment of Frankish captives (prisoners)” Saladin worried about being killed so slept in a wooden tower rather than a tent Saladin destroyed towns in a whole region and killed many knights after they tried to murder him twice
TASK: Why might Phillips describe characters and events in this way? Draw arrows to match information about the author’s background and purpose (left) to how he wrote his story (right). A. Phillips is an English historian, from Bristol 1. Phillips focussed on Christian & the Pope’s reasons for fighting, but left out Muslim ones 2. Phillips spent more time on how Richard moved his troops than on Saladin’s moves B. Phillips concentrates on crusaders’ religious motives 3. Phillips wrote more about Richard I & his troops than about French King Philip II’s men C. Phillips tries to be sympathetic towards the crusaders and tries to see things their way 4. Phillips tried to justify why Richard I had to massacre 3,000 Muslims D. Phillips cannot read Arabic very well 5. Phillips wrote about Richard’s preparations for crusading but not Saladin’s E. Phillips tried to write a book for many people to read, not just experts 6. Phillips left out some characters involved 7. Phillips gave a positive description of a king who spent little time in his own country!
TASK: How did Hillenbrand describe characters and events? 1. Draw arrows to the facts that may have been used to back-up the author’s descriptions below. 2. Circle those facts that appear to challenge the author’s description. 3. How might you change the descriptions below, so that you take all these facts into account? Richard I spent many months preparing for his crusade Richard beat Saladin at Acre and at the Battle of Arsuf On his return, Richard was captured and England had to pay the equivalent of £2 billion (2011) for his release Saladin was the first Muslim leader to unite the Muslim cities of Aleppo, Mosul and Damascus “Richard was the man of his age in terms of his courage, shrewdness and endurance” (being shrewd means being intelligent, alert and sharp) After capturing Jerusalem from the Christians, Saladin did not kill them Saladin sent fruit and his own doctor to Richard when he was ill to help him recover Saladin worried about being killed so slept in a wooden tower rather than a tent “Saladin was a strong military leader” Saladin destroyed towns in a whole region and killed many knights after they tried to murder him twice “The conquest of the city of Jerusalem [by the crusaders]was a disastrous event” The Muslims had lived in the Holy Land for hundreds of years before the Christians came The crusaders thought they were fighting a holy war to regain land that was their ‘right’ due to their religion
TASK: Why might Hillenbrand describe characters and events in this way? Draw arrows to match information about the author’s background and purpose (left) to how she wrote her story (right). 1. Hillenbrand did not mention the European kings Phillip II of France and Frederick I A. Hillenbrand can read and understand Arabic 2. Hillenbrand mentioned Saladin many times & only mentioned Richard a few times B. Hillenbrand’s focus is deliberately on the Muslims in the Crusades 3. Hillenbrand included 2 religious Muslim characters who were in the ‘background’ & not actually involved in the crusade itself C. Hillenbrand’s aim is not to just tell a story, but to explore ideas 4. Hillenbrand suggested that the Crusaders invaded Muslim lands, rather than the Muslims invading Christian lands D. Hillenbrand is Professor of Islamic History at Edinburgh university 5. All Hillenbrand’s sources were Muslim 6. Hillenbrand gave less detail on the ‘events’ that make up the story than Phillips did E. Hillenbrand has travelled extensively in Turkey & Syria 7. Hillenbrand shows why Jerusalem is important to MUSLIMS rather than Christians
Conclusion: Who said what and why? “Refugees from the Holy Land told the story of the Muslim invasion of Jerusalem…including Saladin’s slaughter of the Christians” “The Crusaders turn up out of the blue…[and after several crusades] the Muslims came to expect invasion” Phillips Hillenbrand who invaded whom?
