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Early China, part 1

Early China, part 1. Geography. Location: Early civilization arouse on Huang He and Yangtze Rivers (Yellow River Valley). Geography. Himalaya MTS Gobi Desert Irregular coastline. Location Affecting Life. Mountains/desert have isolated China from outsiders

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Early China, part 1

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  1. Early China, part 1

  2. Geography • Location: Early civilization arouse on Huang He and Yangtze Rivers (Yellow River Valley)

  3. Geography • Himalaya MTS • Gobi Desert • Irregular coastline

  4. Location Affecting Life • Mountains/desert have isolated China from outsiders • Called itself the Middle Kingdom • Very ethnocentric

  5. Environmental Problems: • isolated  cannot rely on trade, must provide own goods (Where is everybody???) • Rivers flooding • Invasions from East and West where mountains do not exist • Little farming land 10% is useable • Mountains are not good farmland

  6. The dynastic cycle: • 1) Group claims mandate of Heaven • 2) Time of prosperity change • 3) As time goes on, corruption in government takes over people believe they have lost mandate rebellion • 4) New group takes over power and claims mandate

  7. Early Dynasties • Xia Dynasty—1st dynasty • - irrigation and flooding methods to control river and let settlements grow

  8. Qin dynasty –221- 206 BCcreation of wall for protection- Great Wall begins

  9. They will be followed by the Han (206BC -222 AD) Terracotta ArmyDiscovered in 19748,000 soldiers, 100 chariots with 400 horses and 300 cavalry horses

  10. Chinese Culture: • Families: Respect your elders (parents) from Confucianism • Women were not equal men have power ( BAD WOMEN!!)

  11. Social classes: • Nobles and Peasants • Merchants are lowest

  12. Religion: • Traditionally Chinese were spiritual in form of ancestor worship (oracle bones) • Today: Buddhism and Confucianism

  13. Writing System: • good things- unified people • Bad- instead of the 26 letters we have, can you remember over 10,000 characters?

  14. Tang Dynasty 618-907

  15. Stress education • Civil Service exam • Created movable type • Mechanical Clock

  16. Song Dynasty 960- 1279 • Improved farming methods of rice • 10 cites of 1 million each • Porcelain • Compass • Gun powder

  17. Other Technology: • Canals and Roads • Coined money • Furnaces to produce iron

  18. Trading: Along the Silk Road • Only link to west

  19. Early Chinese Civilizations will eventually fall to the Mongols (Mughals) • Mongols famous leader: Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan Mongolians were nomadic barbarians - Weapon technology: Bow and Arrow

  20. Pax Mongolia • Time of peace in China under Mongol rule

  21. Marco Polo visits China • Polo’s visit and journal of his visit to China increases European desire to interact with China • Took 24 years

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