P14414 P3 Arborloo wind resistance test stand

1. P14414P3 Arborloo wind resistance test stand Greg Hyde Raymond Zheng Joseph Rojano Katie Bentley Lori Liebman

2. Overview • Team Introductions • Project Statement • Customer & Engineering Requirements • Functional Decomposition • Morphological Chart • Benchmarking • Concept Generation & Selection • Risk Analysis • Project Plan • Summary

3. Team Introductions

4. Project statement • Create test rig & procedure for scale testing • No current test rig for arborloo • Simulate Type I hurricanes • Measure wind speed, forces • Create test procedure for full size testing • Recommendations for future design of arborloos

5. Customer Requirements

6. Engineering requirements

7. House of quality Most Important Requirements • Safely contain all flying debris that may occur (15.8%) • Measure forces at base/tie downs(11.2%) • Record fluid speed range (11.0%)

8. Functional Decomposition

9. Functional Decomposition

10. Functional Decomposition

11. Functional Decomposition

12. Morphological Chart

13. Morphological chart • Our ideas for the test environment were not feasible and we needed to do in depth concept generation

14. BenchMarking • Information about wind pressure at various points of "yaw“ • Modeling equations and data that can be modified to apply • Up to 50mph, gives us some data points to compare

15. Benchmarking

16. Benchmarking • Important point of "critical wind speed“, speed at which forces overcome the static friction which leads to failure

17. Process Map

18. System architecture

19. Concept Generation: Existing equipment RIT Wind Tunnel Scale Speeds – 1/6 Model • Required Wind Tunnel fluid speed: ~570 mph • Wind tunnel maximum fluid speed: ~120 mph • Using a model that’s one sixth as small, Mimicked wind speed: ~20 mph • ~40 mph for a 1/3 model

20. Concept Generation: Existing equipment RIT Tow Tank Scale Speeds – 1/6 Model • Required Tow Tank fluid speed: ~40.5 mph • Tow Tank maximum fluid speed: ~2.2 mph • Using a model that’s one sixth as small, Mimicked wind speed: ~5.2 mph • ~10.5 mph for a 1/3 model

21. Concept Generation: Circular tow tank

22. Concept Generation: Circular tow tank Max Feasible Simulated Wind Speed: Simulating 95 mph Wind Speed (42.47m/s ): Assuming 10 ft diameter track 1/3 Scale: • Water speed= 8.7 m/s • Drag Force= 11,868 N • Power requirement @ 8.7 m/s=103,251 N*m/s • Horsepower Needed= 138 hp 1/6 Scale: • Water speed= 17 m/s • Drag Force= 11,282 N • Power requirement @ 17 m/s=191,794 N*m/s • Horsepower Needed= 257 hp Maximum of 30 hp engine is feasible within our budget Assuming 10 ft track and 1/3 scale Power=30 hp=22,370 N*m/s Power=156.8*v3 Max Velocity=5.22 m/s ~ 60% of desired speed Max simulated speed= 57 mph

23. Concept Generation: Water Pumps V: Velocity μ: Viscosity A: Area Re: Reynolds's ρ: Density number L: Length

24. Concept Generation: Water Pumps Simulating 95mph (42.47m/s) • Reynold’s number of a full size model is approximately 5.5*10^6 • ρ=1.225kg/m^3, V=42.47m/s, L=1.83m, μ=1.73*10^-5Ns/m^2 • Velocity of a model 1/3 the size in water is 8.07m/s • ρ=1000kg/m^3, L=0.61m • , μ=8.94*10^-4Ns/m^2 • Velocity of a model 1/6 the size in water is 16.13m/s • ρ=1000kg/m^3, L=0.305m, μ=8.94*10^-4Ns/m^2 • If a pump has a volumetric flow rate of 50gpm (0.00315m^3/s) • V = 8.07m/s: A = 390mm^2 • V = 16.13m/s: A = 195mm^2 • Areas that need to be covered: • 1/3 model - 186,050mm^2 • 1/6 model – 46513mm^2 • The areas needed to are too small and too many pumps would be needed to cover the area of each model • Number of pumps needed: • 1/3 model – 447 pumps • 1/6 model – 284 pumps

25. Concept Generation: Water Pumps • 1/3 model: 227 100gpm pumps x $268.04 = $60,845.08 • 1/6 model: 142 100gpm pumps x $268.04 = $38,061.68

26. Concept Generation: Tow tank hybrid Equations V: Velocity μ: Viscosity A: Area Re: Reynolds's ρ: Density number L: Length : Coeff of Drag

27. Concept Generation: Tow tank hybrid Simulating 95mph (42.47m/s) • Required power obviously not feasible • If v = 40mph, Vreq = 7.36m/s Fd = 2145N Preq = ~21hp • Maximum testable wind speeds would be around 50mph with a 30hp engine assuming 2m/s lazy river velocity 1/6 Scale • Required velocity of the system to be ~17.5m/s • Drag force would be ~11455.6 N • Required motor would need to be ~250hp 1/3 Scale • Required velocity of the system to be ~8.75 m/s • Drag force would be ~12124N • Required motor would need to be ~140hp

28. Concept Generation: Tow tank hybrid • 1/3 model: ~140hp → Chrysler ECC 2.0L I4 (150hp) ~$600 Commonly found in Dodge Neons • 1/6 model: ~250hp → Nissan VQ35DE 3.5L V6 (286hp) ~$1500 Commonly found in Infiniti G35 or 350Z • 40mph winds: ~21hp → Small engine (25hp) ~$550

29. Concept Generation: Piston V: Velocity μ: Viscosity A: Area Re: Reynolds's ρ: Density number L: Length : Coeff of Drag

30. Concept Generation: Piston Scale Speeds – 1/6th Model • What if we could replicate the aerodynamic force felt by the wind with just pressure? • Main downside is there is no longer an aerodynamic effect • Required Piston Force: ~830 lbs. • Required Piston Pressure: ~12psi • Using a model that’s one sixth as small, Mimicked wind speed: ~95 mph

31. Concept Selection- 1st iteration

32. Concept Selection-2nd Iteration

33. Risk Analysis

34. Project Plan

35. Moving Forward • Select scale model testing concept • Expand design for selected concept • Create test plan • Acquire necessary test equipment • Contact area specialists

36. Summary • Team Introductions • Project Statement • Customer & Engineering Requirements • Functional Decomposition • Morphological Chart • Benchmarking • Concept Generation & Selection • Risk Analysis • Project Plan

37. Questions?