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Exploring the Fascinating World of Fungi: Applications and Impacts

This informative text delves into the realm of fungi, exploring their diverse applications and impacts on agriculture, wood degradation, bioremediation, indoor air quality, and human health. Discover the kingdom Fungi, from macroscopic mushrooms to microscopic filamentous fungi and yeasts. Explore how fungi function as vital components of ecosystems, serving as saprophytes, parasites, and mycorrhizae. Learn about the role of fungi in agriculture, wood degradation, bioremediation, and their effects on indoor air quality and human health. Gain insights into the identification of fungi through classical and modern techniques, highlighting their importance in various fields. Dive into the fascinating world of fungi today!

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Exploring the Fascinating World of Fungi: Applications and Impacts

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  1. Mycology Applications: The World of Fungi

  2. What are Fungi? • Kingdom Fungi • Macroscopic (mushrooms) and Microscopic (filamentous fungi and yeasts) • Heterotrophic (Feed by absorption ) • Saprophytic (Obtain /recycle organic nutrients from decomposing matter) • Parasitic (Feed off other organisms) • No Chlorophyll, cell walls contain chitin • Non-motile

  3. Kingdom Fungi

  4. Mold!

  5. Mold: multicellular: (hyphae), exospores

  6. Molds: Filamentous Fungi

  7. Real World: How does Fungi Affect us?

  8. Fungi in Agriculture • Mycorrhizae (favorable) • Attach to plant root structures: Help plants absorb nutrients, water • Compost Degraders (favorable) • Degrade plant matter-Return nutrients to the soil • Plant Pathogens: Crop Damage (unfavorable) • Leaf Blights • Fruit Blights • Rusts, Smuts, Mildews

  9. Micorrhizal Roots (Note Morphology)

  10. Fungi Affecting Wood / Building Materials • Lumber / Wood Degradation • White Rot (degrades lignin and cellulose) • Ascomycetes • Basidiomycetes • Brown Rot (degrades lignin only) • Basidiomycetes

  11. Fungi In Bioremediation • Fungi effective in mineralizing waste chemicals in industrial processes • Chemicals: • VOC’s (volatile organic compounds) • Toluene • Acetone • PAH (poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) Biolasagna: LaBeau, 2000

  12. White Rot Fungi In Bioremediation • Kotterman, et al 1998

  13. Fungi and Indoor Air Quality • Fungi growing in quantity indoors may lead to health issues • Causes: • Water Damaged materials- (good substrate for fungi growth) • Poor Ventilation • Faulty HVAC • High Humidity

  14. Fungi and Indoor Air Quality • SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) • High Levels of fungal spores may cause worker related health problems • Affects Schools, Businesses, Residential and Commercial Buildings

  15. Fungi and Health • Antibiotics • Penicillin (produced by Penicillium chrysogenum • Fungal Infections • Topical (Athletes Foot) • Tinea pedis • Systemic • Coccidioides • Blastomycetes • Histoplasma

  16. Identification of Fungi • Classical: Macroscopic, Microscopic • Slide Morphology: • Hyphal structure, conidia, spore shape • Plate morphology • Color • Surface texture • Edge

  17. Today’s Lab • Examine Brown Rot fungi, White rot fungi (Important in building materials and crop blights) macroscopically and microscopically • Examine Peach Mummies and leaf blights found in field • ID Deuteromycetes using picture keys, agar plates and microscopes

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