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Mycology Applications: The World of Fungi

Mycology Applications: The World of Fungi. What are Fungi?. Kingdom Fungi Macroscopic (mushrooms) and Microscopic (filamentous fungi and yeasts) Heterotrophic (Feed by absorption ) Saprophytic (Obtain /recycle organic nutrients from decomposing matter) Parasitic (Feed off other organisms)

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Mycology Applications: The World of Fungi

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  1. Mycology Applications: The World of Fungi

  2. What are Fungi? • Kingdom Fungi • Macroscopic (mushrooms) and Microscopic (filamentous fungi and yeasts) • Heterotrophic (Feed by absorption ) • Saprophytic (Obtain /recycle organic nutrients from decomposing matter) • Parasitic (Feed off other organisms) • No Chlorophyll, cell walls contain chitin • Non-motile

  3. Kingdom Fungi

  4. Mold!

  5. Mold: multicellular: (hyphae), exospores

  6. Molds: Filamentous Fungi

  7. Real World: How does Fungi Affect us?

  8. Fungi in Agriculture • Mycorrhizae (favorable) • Attach to plant root structures: Help plants absorb nutrients, water • Compost Degraders (favorable) • Degrade plant matter-Return nutrients to the soil • Plant Pathogens: Crop Damage (unfavorable) • Leaf Blights • Fruit Blights • Rusts, Smuts, Mildews

  9. Micorrhizal Roots (Note Morphology)

  10. Fungi Affecting Wood / Building Materials • Lumber / Wood Degradation • White Rot (degrades lignin and cellulose) • Ascomycetes • Basidiomycetes • Brown Rot (degrades lignin only) • Basidiomycetes

  11. Fungi In Bioremediation • Fungi effective in mineralizing waste chemicals in industrial processes • Chemicals: • VOC’s (volatile organic compounds) • Toluene • Acetone • PAH (poly-aromatic hydrocarbons) Biolasagna: LaBeau, 2000

  12. White Rot Fungi In Bioremediation • Kotterman, et al 1998

  13. Fungi and Indoor Air Quality • Fungi growing in quantity indoors may lead to health issues • Causes: • Water Damaged materials- (good substrate for fungi growth) • Poor Ventilation • Faulty HVAC • High Humidity

  14. Fungi and Indoor Air Quality • SBS (Sick Building Syndrome) • High Levels of fungal spores may cause worker related health problems • Affects Schools, Businesses, Residential and Commercial Buildings

  15. Fungi and Health • Antibiotics • Penicillin (produced by Penicillium chrysogenum • Fungal Infections • Topical (Athletes Foot) • Tinea pedis • Systemic • Coccidioides • Blastomycetes • Histoplasma

  16. Identification of Fungi • Classical: Macroscopic, Microscopic • Slide Morphology: • Hyphal structure, conidia, spore shape • Plate morphology • Color • Surface texture • Edge

  17. Today’s Lab • Examine Brown Rot fungi, White rot fungi (Important in building materials and crop blights) macroscopically and microscopically • Examine Peach Mummies and leaf blights found in field • ID Deuteromycetes using picture keys, agar plates and microscopes

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