Animal Taxonomy

1. Animal Taxonomy

3. Protists (2-Trypanosoma) Systematic Position Kingdom :Protista Phylum : Sarcomastigophora Subphylum : Mastigophora Class : Zoomastigophora Genus : : Trypanosoma Speices: gambiense Trypanosomagambiense

4. Trypanosoma • Intermediate host:insect (African tsetse fly (Glossina )) • Habitat in intermediate host:alimentary canal • Definite host:human. • Habitat in definite host:blood of man • Causes the disease: sleeping sickness. • General body form: • Means of locomotion: flagellum. • Feeding habits:absorbing the nutrient subs­tances from the host. • Reproduction:reproduce asexually by longitudinal binary fission. • Major characteristics: long slender, undulating a whip-like flagellum. • Trypanosome infect human via bite of vector organism the African tsetse fly (Glossina )

5. Life cycle of Trypanosome

6. Macrogametocyte Release of merozoites Formation of Merozoites Microgametocyte Ring stage Trophzoite stage Protists (3- Plasmodium) Systematic Position Kingdom :Protista Phylum : Apicomplexa Class : : Sporozoa Genus : : plasmodium Speices: malaria plasmodiummalaria

7. All apicomplexans are parasites of animals and some cause serious human diseases. • The parasites are tiny infectious cells(sporozoites) with a complex of organelles specialized for penetratingا host cells and tissues at the apex of the sporozoite cell. (hence called apicomplexans) • Most apicomplexans have life cycles with both sexual and asexual stages and often require two or more different host species for completion.

8. Macrogametocyte Release of merozoites Formation of Merozoites Microgametocyte Ring stage Trophzoite stage Plasmodium Habitat:They live inside the cell (interacellular parasite) hidden from the host immune system. Causes the disease: malaria fever to man.- spends part of its life in mosquitoes and part in humans- Vector: a mosquito belonging to the genus Anopheles. The infective stage : are sporozoites Life cycle: Ring stage, Trophozoite, Merzoites stage and Release of merozoites

9. Life cycle of Plasmodium

10. Protists (4- Paramecium) Systematic Position Kingdom :Protista Phylum : : Ciliophora Genus: Paramecium

11. Paramecium • Means of locomotion: cilia • Habitat: freshwater ponds where decaying organic matter is abundant, feeding on it and on bacteria and other micro-organisms. • Reproduction: asexually by transverse binary fission, and sexually by conjugation . • Characteristics:the numerous cilia covering the whole surface of the body. They have two contractile vacuoles and two nuclei: a large oval macro­nucleus (for vegetative functions), and a small micronucleus (for reproduc­tion). • Paramecium: has cilia along the oral groovedraw in foodthat are engulfed by phagocytosis, and expels accumulated water from the contractile vacuole

12. Protists (5-Amoeba) Systematic Position Kingdom :Protista Phylum:Sarcomastigophora Subphylum: Sarcodena Genus: Amoeba Species:Amoeba Nucleus Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Pseudopodia Ectoplasm Endoplasm

13. Most species are heterotrophs that actively feed on bacteria and other protists. • Other species are symbiotic, including some human parasites. • Amoeboid movementoccurs by changes in microtubules and microfilaments in the cytoskeleton. • Pseudopodia activity is • directed toward food. • Most species are free-living • heterotrophs. • Some are important parasites. • These include • Entamoebahistolytica which causes amoeboid dysentery in humans. • These organisms spread by contaminated drinking water, food, and eating utensils

14. Amoeba • Habitat:freshwater ponds. • Means of locomotion: pseudopodia. • Reproduction mechanism: asexually by binary fission, and under unfavourable conditions it encysts. • Shape and characteristics: quite irregular in shape; the body changes its shape constantly with the formation and withdrawal of the pseudopodia. Nucleus Contractile vacuole Food vacuoles Pseudopodia Ectoplasm Endoplasm

15. The Summary