Explain how Republicans gained control of southern state governments.

1. 12.2 Reconstruction in the South What were the immediate effects of Reconstruction? • Explain how Republicans gained control of southern state governments. • Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. • Summarize efforts to limit African Americans’ rights and the federal government’s response.

3. Explain how Republicans gained control of southern state governments. During Reconstruction, Republicans gained control of southern state governments through the ballot box. Thousands of black men exercised their new right to vote. Many white southern men did not vote because they refused to sign the required loyalty oath to the Union.

4. Explain how Republicans gained control of southern state governments. The Republican Party attracted people who sought change, challenge, and opportunities to make money in the South. Critics saw scalawags and carpetbaggers as opportunists making their fortune off of the South’s misfortune.

5. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. Reconstruction state constitutions mandated the creation of the public school system. Public schools grew slowly in the South. The system was expensive as there needed to be two schools in every district due to segregation. Some Republicans proposed integration but the idea was generally unpopular.

6. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. Reconstruction also offered white and black women opportunities they did not find in the North. Single women carved out new roles for themselves, especially in the school system developed during Reconstruction.

7. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. The South had many problems that made success challenging. • limited protection for African Americans • racial violence • rampant corruption • many illiterate southerners • poor quality medical care • poor quality housing • slower economic production than the North

8. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. Freed African Americans sought to build new communities. moved to look for jobs as cooks, blacksmiths, or carpenters Cities worked at farming, lumbering, and re-building railroads Rural areas established black churches that became centers of their communities Black churches Freedmen’s Bureau schools sought education through the Freedmen’s Bureau schools The Freedmen’s Bureau attracted thousands of students to schools and colleges who realized the value of their education for voting and business.

9. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. New work arrangements for African American farmers developed.

10. 1. Introduction – • 2. “This is a picture of ……………..” • 2. “…. is seen….” • Message • 2. statement + evidence • 2. statement + evidence • 2. statement + evidence • 2. statement + evidence • Audience • 2. “The audience for this picture is …..” • 2. “One can tell this is the audience because…” • Conclusion • 2. restate claim from intro

12. SharecroppingSharecroppers were supposed to have a chance to climb the economic ladder, but by the time they had shared their crops and paid their debts they rarely had any money left. A sharecropper often became tied to one plantation having no choice but to work until his or her debts were paid.

13. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system.

14. SharecroppingSharecroppers were supposed to have a chance to climb the economic ladder, but by the time they had shared their crops and paid their debts they rarely had any money left. A sharecropper often became tied to one plantation having no choice but to work until his or her debts were paid.

16. Summarize efforts to limit African Americans’ rights and the federal government’s response. In reaction to Republican gains in the South, violent groups, such as the Ku Klux Klan,organized to terrorize African Americans. The Klan burned black schools and churches. Racial violence grew everywhere after the Fifteenth Amendment was passed in 1869.

17. Summarize efforts to limit African Americans’ rights and the federal government’s response. Congressional passing and use of the Enforcement Acts reduced racial violence. • The acts made it federal crime to interfere with a citizen’s right to vote. • Congress used the Enforcement Acts to indict Klansmen throughout the South. • Although violence declined, racial hatred persisted. The Enforcement Acts, 1870, 1871

18. Summarize efforts to limit African Americans’ rights and the federal government’s response.

19. Nathan B. Forrest – founder of the KKK

20. What were the immediate effects of Reconstruction? After the war, there was a struggle for political control. African Americans used the power of their vote to elect many representatives from mayors to the U.S. Senate. Newly freed African Americans explored new relationships to social, political and economic life. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan aimed to turn back their progress through violence and intimidation. Explain how Republicans gained control of southern state governments. Discuss how freedmen adjusted to freedom and the South’s new economic system. Summarize efforts to limit African Americans’ rights and the federal government’s response.