Ancient Egyptian Civilization

1. Ancient Egyptian Civilization Miss Lynch 6th Grade Social Studies Chapter 4 Lesson 3 in the World Text

2. The Big Picture • Neighboring cultures were growing while Egyptian civilization was spreading along the Nile. • To the north, people in Europe were developing the islands and peninsulas across the Mediterranean Sea. • To the west, Africans were finding ways to survive in the harsh desert environment of the Sahara. • To the south, the kingdoms of Nubia had gold mines and trade networks that made the kingdom thrive. • Asian communities that were large and small on the east, were forming today’s countries of Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Iraq.

3. The Big Picture • Trade and movement of people and ideas helped shape development in all of the cultures. • Each culture exchanged resources, products, and ideas.

4. New Rulers in Egypt • When the Old Kingdom collapsed, a new era of Egyptian history began. • Egypt’s Middle Kingdom took place about 2100 BC through 1700 BC. • When the pharaoh’s armies conquered kingdoms in Nubia they made use of gold mines. • The name of this country may come from the Egyptian word for “nub,” meaning gold.

5. New Rulers in Egypt • During this time, people began moving. • Egyptian traders increased their business with cities in western Asia, so people from Asia came to live in Egypt’s delta region. • By 1650 BC these new settlers, called Hyksos, challenged the pharaoh. • The Greek phrase for Hyksos is “rulers of hill lands.” • This group ruled Lower Egypt for the next 100 years.

6. New Rulers of Egypt • The weapons these people use to defeat Egyptian armies in battle: • Horses, chariots, strong bronze weapons, bows, and arrows. • Egyptian leaders at Thebes continued to control Upper Egypt. • In 1550 BC Pharaoh Ahmose and the Egyptians regained control of the delta from the Hyksos by using weapons and chariots that they copied from the Hyksos. • The New Kingdom began when the Hyksos were defeated. • Pharaoh Ahmose and later pharaohs vowed they would become the strongest military power in the world by never letting any outsiders control any part of Egypt.

7. Expansion and Trade • During the New Kingdom period, Egypt’s leaders worked hard to win back the lands lost in wars. • They took control of an area that is now the country of Israel, and pushed as far as the Euphrates River. • Empire: a group of lands and people ruled by one government.

8. Expansion and Trade

9. Expansion and Trade • Treasures moved from Kush to Egypt by caravans of men and pack animals. • Soldiers that traveled w/ the trading caravans kept Egypt’s pharaoh’s treasures safe. • Large castle-like forts scared away robbers along the upper Nile. • Products such as furniture and jewelry were made from raw materials by Egyptian craft workers for Egypt’s pharaoh and wealthy families.

10. Expansion and Trade • Egyptian’s traveled from Egypt to Punt when they used both the Nile River and land travel.

11. Hat-shep-sut • Hatshepsut was the name of one of Egypt’s few female rulers. • Hatshepsut means, “foremost of the noble ladies.” • She became pharaoh because her husband died and she declared her brother too young to rule on his own. • Expedition: A group of people who go on a trip for a set reason.

12. Hatshepsut • Hatshepsut traded jewelry, papyrus, and bronze weapons w/ the country of Punt. • Hatshepsut’s scribes, soldiers, artists, and attendants brought back from Punt gold, perfume, ivory, live apes, leopard skins, and rare incense trees. • Hatshepsut’s expedition lasted 2 years, they traveled by ship and land.

13. Moving Ideas • Ideas, trade goods, and skills spread as Egypt trades with other countries. • Egyptians became well known for their understanding of: • Medicine, mathematics, and astronomy. • Priests learned their skills in temple schools. • The first medical textbooks were written by scribes when writing was invented. • The textbooks told doctors how to cure illness, stitch together cuts, and set broken bones.

14. Moving Ideas • Wounds were cured by moldy bread and upset stomachs by chamomile. • Egyptian priests developed mathematical rules.

15. Moving Ideas • The “stars that know no rest” are known to us as the planets. • The “meetings of the Sun and Moon” which created darkness are called eclipses. • The 2 inventions we use today that were created by the ancient Egyptians were the: • 365 day calendar • The scale

16. Tutankhamen’s Tomb • Located in the Valley of the Kings • The resting place of 30 New Kingdom pharaohs • Tutankhamen ruled Egypt from the time he was 9 until he died at the age of 19. • Tutankhamun’s tomb remained untouched for over 3,000 years.

17. Tutankhamen’s Tomb • The tomb was discovered in 1922 by two British archaeologists named Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon. • The artifacts found in his tombs, including the clothes teach us about how the ancient Egyptians really looked like.