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Medical Terminology

Chapters 1, 2 & 3. Medical Terminology. Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology?. Language of the medical field Communication Written and spoken in the clinical area Bonus: Look really smart when watching TV medical shows Originates from Latin & Greek. Composition. Medical terms

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Chapters 1, 2 & 3 Medical Terminology

  2. Why Do I Need to Learn Medical Terminology? • Language of the medical field • Communication • Written and spoken in the clinical area • Bonus: Look really smart when watching TV medical shows • Originates from Latin & Greek

  3. Composition • Medical terms • Prefix • Root • Suffix • Do not have to have all three

  4. Prefix • Prefix • At beginning of word • *Not all medical terms have a prefix • Prefixes are attached to words to express numbers, measurements, position, negative, colors • epi—on or upon pan—all or everywhere • hypo—below or low hemi—half

  5. Root • Root • The word’s foundation • *All medical terms have at least one root • If no prefix—the root will begin the medical term • gastr—stomach • cyt--cell • glycem—blood sugar • pleg—paralysis

  6. Suffix • Suffix • The medical terms ending • *Most medical terms have a suffix • ic— • ia— • penia—decrease

  7. Medical Terms • Epi/gastr/ic—pertaining to over the stomach • Hypo/glycem/ia—suffix low blood sugar • Pan/cyto/penia—decrease in all blood cells • Hemi/pleg/ia—suffix one side paralysis • Hepato/megaly—enlargement of the liver

  8. Composition • A combining vowel (usually o) joins a root to another root or to a suffix • Example: Therm(o)meter • Therm. = heat (root) • Meter = measuring device (root) • Hepat(o)megaly—enlarged liver • Hepat—liver (root) megaly (suffix) • Osteoporosis—porous condition of bone • Oste—bone (root) porosis (suffix)

  9. Prefix--Number bi – two, double bicuspid hemi – half hemiplegic milli – 1/1000 milliliter mono – one, single monocyte primi – first primigravida semi – half semiconscious tri – three triceps uni – one uninuclear

  10. Prefix--Measurement hyper – excessive or high hypertension multi – many multipara poly – many polyarthritis hypo – below or low hypoglycemic tachy—rapid or fast tachycardia brady—slow bradycardia

  11. Prefix--Position a – without apnea ab – from, away from abduct ad – toward, increase adduct ambi – both, both sides ambidextrous an – without analgesic ante – before, in front anteroom circum – around circumoral peri—around periwound

  12. Position (cont’d) pre – in front of before pre-operative post – after post operative retro – backward, behind retroflexion sub – under, below sublingual supra – above suprapubic

  13. Common Root Terms • cardi --- heart fibr --- fibrous tissue • gastr --- stomach my ---- muscle • mast ------ breast myel – marrow or spinal cord • hepat --- liver enter -- intestine • oste ----- bone col ----- colon • neur ----- nerve chole --- gall or bile • arthr ----- joint

  14. Suffix • Suffix : clarify will make a new word • will change the meaning of the root • Example: • Tonsillitis – inflammation of tonsils • Tonsillectomy – removal of tonsils

  15. Common Suffix • porosis ----- porous condition • cyte --------- cell • ectomy ------ surgical removal • algia -------- pain -------- dynia • megaly ----- enlargement • logy --------- study of • itis ------------ inflammation • oma --------- tumor

  16. Common Suffix • scope -------- device for viewing • scopy -------- act of viewing • sclerosis ------ hardness • stenosis ------ narrowed, blocked • lith ------------ stone, calculus • iasis ----------- indicating a condition • ic -------------- pertaining to • tripsy --------- crushing

  17. Medical Terminology • Gastrectomy • Hepatic • Hepatocarcinoma • Neuropathy • Neurofibroma • Neurogastric • Osteoporosis • Osteomyelitis

  18. Medical Terminology • Cholecystectomy • Cholelithiasis • Cholecystitis • Cardiomyopathy • Osteoarthritis

  19. Medical Terminology • Acronym • Medical terms formed by combining letters of a word or phrase • COPD—Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease • HIV—Human Immunodeficiency Virus • CAD—Coronary Artery Disease • HTN—Hypertension

  20. Medical Terminology • Eponym • Medical term based on the name of a person • Parkinson’s Disease • Kaposi’s Sarcoma • Sulk Vaccine

  21. Military Time Meridian timeMilitary time 12 Midnight 2400 or 0000 1 am 0100 2 am 0200 3 am 0300 4 am 0400 5 am 0500 6 am 0600

  22. Military Time 7 am 0700 8 am 0800 9 am 0900 10 am 1000 11 am 1100 12 noon 1200 1 pm 1300 2 pm 1400 3 pm 1500

  23. Military Time 4 pm 1600 5 pm 1700 6 pm 1800 7 pm 1900 8 pm 2000 9 pm 2100 10 pm 2200 11 pm 2300 12 midnight 2400 or 0000

  24. Military Time • 8:15 A.M. = 0815 or 08:15 • 11:32 P.M. = 2332 or 23:32 • 6:45 A.M. = • 8:35 P.M. = • 1:04 P.M. =

  25. Frequent Symbols b.i.d. twice a day t.i.d. three times a day q.i.d. four times a day min. minute h. or hr. hour qh every hour q2h every two hours q3h every three hours q4h every four hours

  26. Frequent Symbols q 6h every 6 hours q 8h every 8 hours q 12h every 12 hour NPO nothing by mouth Change

  27. Symbols Multiplied by, magnification X Divide / Equals = Greater than > Less than <

  28. Frequent Symbols gtt drop tab or T with dot tablet cap capsule hs hour of sleep susp suspension supp suppository

  29. Frequent Symbols ac before meal pc after meal ad lib as desired prn when necessary stat immediately, as soon as possible Daily every day

  30. Common Medical Abbre. Route IM Intramuscular IV Intravenous IVPB Intravenous Piggyback SC/SQ Subcutaneous SL Sublingual ID Intradermal NG Nasogastric tube po By mouth

  31. Common Medical Abbreviations • ADL’s---activities of daily living • H&P-----history and physical • WNL----within normal limits • NKA-----no known allergies • SOB-----short of breath • LUQ-----left upper quadrant • HOH-----hard of hearing • CVA------cerebral vascular accident • bpm------beats per minute

  32. Common Medical Abbreviations • CBC---complete blood count • LLE----left lower extremity • BLE----bilateral lower extremity • Right arm?-----

  33. JCAHO [do not use abb.] • AbbreviationIntended Preferred U units “units” ug micrograms “mcg” QD every day “daily” QOD every other day every other day AS.AD.AU Left, right, both ears write left ear etc OS, OD, OU left, right, both eyes write left eye etc. JCAHO – Joint commission on accreditation of Health Care Organizations

  34. JCAHO [do not use] IU International unit “write” 5.0 mg. Trailing zero No zero after decimal point write 5 mg. .5 leading zero Always a zero before a decimal point, write 0.5 mg. MS Morphine Sulfate “write” MS04 Morphine Sulfate “write” mGs04 Magnesium Sulfate “write”

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