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1. Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 1: China Reacts to Western Influences

   Eli-Jay World Studies
2. A. European Influence and Conflicts in China When European imperialism reached China, it created conflictsand forced the Chinese to sign several treaties.
3. A. European Influence and Conflicts in China The Opium War Opium was a painkiller that was an addictive drug made from the poppy plant. Many Chinese people were addicted to Opium, and many British were coming to China just to sell Opium. An official named Lin Zexu wrote to Queen Victoria from Britain, explaining to her how she would feel if someone from a different country came selling Opium, knowing she didn’t allow it.
4. A. European Influence and Conflicts in China The Treaty of Nanjing China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing in 1842. China had to give the city of Hong Kong to Great Britain. During the next two years, both France and the United States pressured China to sign similar treaties, which China did sign.
5. A. European Influence and Conflicts in China The Unequal Treaties After the second Opium War, several treaties were forced on China. The treaties became known as the Unequal treaties. The treaties gave foreign nations control over the entire Chinese economy.
6. A. European Influence and Conflicts in China Spheres of Influence China was weakened by the Taiping Rebellion, which occurred from 1850 to 1864. After the Taiping Rebellion, China was an easy target of other countries. The policy called, “Open Door Policy” was established to prevent nations from colonizing China.
7. B. Toward Revolution in China Imperialism led to rebellions in China and the overthrow of the Manchu Dynasty.
8. B. Toward Revolution in China The Boxer Rebellion Many Chinese people were deeply angry at the foreign nations for dividing their country into spheres of influence. Europeans called this group boxers because they were trained in Chinese fighting techniques. After the failure of the Boxer Rebellion, the Manchu Dynasty decided to reform its government.
9. B. Toward Revolution in China Sun Yat-sen Reformers wanted to replace the Manchu Dynasty with a republic, after Empress Ci Xi died. Sun Yat-sen became a passionate spokesperson for a Chinese republic. He was educated in Western countries about western ways.

10. Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 2: Japan Modernizes

    Eli-Jay World Studies
11. A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers Challenges by Western powers finally succeeded in opening Japan to foreigners and foreign traders.
12. A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers A show of Force In 1853, an event confirmed Japanese fears about foreigners. The American government sent a formal mission to the emperor of Japan. The letter asked for better treatment of shipwrecked U.S. sailors, the sale of supplies to ships in need of them, and trade between Japan and the United States.
13. A. Challenges by Western Imperial Powers Treaty of Kanagawa Perry and representatives of the emperor signed the Treaty of Kanagawa on March 31, 1854. An American consul would live and work in Japan. A consul is a government official who is responsible for commercial interests and takes care of functions such as issuing passports.
14. B. Restoring Power to Japan The Japanese emperor Meiji was restored to power, and industrialization and social change followed.
15. B: Restoring Power to Japan The Return of the Emperor A reform group decided Japan would be better off if the emperor were restored to full power in 1867. They persuaded the last shogun to resign and give his power to Emperor Mutsuhito, a 16 year old boy. Mutsuhito soon took the name of Meiji, which means “enlightened rule”.
16. B. Restoring Power to Japan Government Changes Under Emperor Meiji The new government set about centralizing power and breaking up feudalism. The government also began moving in the direction of a constitutional government. Japanese leaders encouraged citizens to be loyal to the nation and the emperor.
17. B. Restoring Power to Japan Industrialization Under Emperor Meiji Under the government rapid industrialization and modernization occurred during the Meiji restoration. The government built ships, weapons, and railroads. They also began mining for coal. The silk and cotton industries expanded. The silk and cotton industries depended on cheap labor.
18. B. Restoring Power to Japan Social Changes Under Emperor Meiji All people from different classes could intermarry and dress as they choose. Members of this class had been known as nonhumans. Outcasts lived in special areas and could be abused by members of other classes.
19. C. Japanese Foreign Policy Japan let go of its policy of isolation and became an industrial and military world power.
20. C. Japanese Foreign Policy Japanese Imperialism In 1879, Japan took over the Ryukyu Islands. In the past Japanese efforts to trade with Korea had long been under Chinese control. In 1894, the first Sino-Japanese War broke out between Japan and China.
21. C. Japanese Foreign Policy The Russo-Japanese War After the Sino-Japanese War, Japan gradually strengthened its army. Nobody asked the Koreans or the Chinese how they felt about the conflict or what they wanted. War broke out between Russia and Japan. This was called the Russo-Japanese War.
22. C. Japanese Foreign Policy The New Imperialist Power In more than 50 years a traditional isolated Japan had become an industrialized power. Other industrialization imperialists nations, such as a Great Britain and Russia, viewed the nation of Japan as a threat to the balance of power. Japan’s achievements and victories sent ripples of concern through the western world.

23. Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 3: Japan Imperialism in Latin America

    Eli-Jay World Studies
24. A. Foreigners in Latin America Even after Latin America gained independence, foreign nations continued to dominate.
25. A. Foreigners in Latin America Effects of Colonial Imperialism Before Europeans arrived, Latin America economies were mostly self-sufficient. European interference permanently changed the economies of Latin America. Unfortunately, they also denied the Latin Americans any role in government.
26. A. Foreigners in Latin America Economic Imperialism in Latin America Even after Latin Americans broke free of Europeans’ political control, their economies still depended on trade with European countries. They needed sources for food crops and goods they did not produce. Some Latin Americans nations with many resources and good management built strong economies.
27. A. Foreigners in Latin America Areas of Weakness Problems between social classes and troubled economies made it difficult for Latin American countries to unite. Many Latin Americans felt no loyalty to the central governments of their nations. They were at risk of further colonization because they could not defend their liberty.
28. A. Foreigners in Latin America The Monroe Doctrine As revolutions ended Spanish and Portuguese rule in Latin America, U.S. citizens watched eagerly. U.S. government leaders were aware that the newly independent Latin American governments were poorly prepared to defend themselves against further colonization. Great Britain opposed European colonization in Latin America and was willing to back up the U.S. if necessary.
29. B: United States Imperialism During the late 1800s and early 1900s the United States introduced it’s own brand of imperialism to Latin America.
30. B: United States Imperialism The Spanish-American War In 1895 a Cuban revolution with the goal of gaining independence from Spain began. Most of the Americans were on the Cubans side, so president McKinley sent the battleship USS Maine to Havana, the capital of Cuba to help protect the Americans. The Maine exploded and the explosion killed 260 American sailors. Nobody knew the cause of the blast. Finally president McKinley asked Spain to stop fighting and grant Cuba its independence.
31. B: United States Imperialism Big Stick Diplomacy European imperialists had acquired territory and colonies all over the world. Instead of seeking colonies for the United States, President Roosevelt wanted treaties that would support U.S. businesses abroad. Many people accused him of being imperialistic. Roosevelt said that it was important to “Speak softly and carry abig stick”. ( A strong country could control others without making them colonies).
32. B: United States Imperialism The Panama Canal The United States had long wanted to link its east and west coasts with a canal across Central American. The united States obtained the isthmus between North and South America located around Panama. (Isthmus: is a narrow strip of land bordered on both sides by water between two larger masses of land). 1904-1914 the canal was built after Panama signed the treaty giving the United States permission.
33. C: Reform and Change in Mexico After Mexico’s independence from Spain, Mexico faced economic challenges and revolution.
34. C: Reform and Change in Mexico Benito Pablo Juarez and Porfirio Diaz In early 1854, reformers launched a revolt against Santa Anna and took over the government in 1855. Benito Juarez was a great leader of the reform movement. He was a Native American who wanted to help the poor. He became the president of Mexico in 1861. Later in 1877, Porfirio Diaz led a series of revolts, he became president of Mexico. Under his harsh rule, Diaz brought order and modernization to Mexico. Benito Juarez Porfirio Diaz
35. C: Reform and Change in Mexico Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa Francisco Indalecio Madero, a revolutionary leader, succeeded Diaz. Madero disappointed his revolutionary supporters: Native Americans Emiliano Zapata and former bandit Pancho Villa. Venustiano Carranza seized power in 1914, Zapata and Villa led rebellions against Carranza. Zapata was murdered in 1915.

36. Chapter 25: Imperialism in Asia and Latin America Section 4: Worldwide Effects of Imperialism

    Eli-Jay World Studies
37. A. Views of Imperialism Both opposing and supporting views existed on the issue of imperialism.
38. A. Views of Imperialism Opposing Imperialism Imperialism became a hotly debated issue in the United States. Many Americans believed that the United States should not have an overseas empire, and they also believed that the United States should stay out of the affairs of other countries. Senator, George F. Hoar, stated his objection to imperialism in the debate over acquiring the Philippines.
39. A. Views of Imperialism Supporting Imperialism In the late 1800s the United States had not been involved much in foreign affairs. Several settlers helped the United States to expand westward as far as the Pacific Ocean. American industry and agriculture were producing more goods than the American people were buying. Such economic benefits caused many Americans to take a positive view of imperialism.
40. B. Progress Under Imperialism Imperialism influenced worldwide changes including progress in medicine, public health, education, and science and technology.
41. B. Progress Under Imperialism Medicine Important scientific discoveries led to major breakthroughs in medicine. In the mid-1800s Louis Pasteur, a French chemist and biologist, proved the germ theory of disease. Robert Koch, a German scientist made the study of germs into a systematic science.
42. B. Progress Under Imperialism Public Health The mingling of people from Europe and other continents resulted in more disease. In addition to sending doctors, western nations established hospitals in other countries. Modern Western medicine also had some negative effects. It cause people to abandon the sometimes valuable medical knowledge of traditional herbalists and healers.
43. B. Progress Under Imperialism Science and Technology The western nations took their own technology to the countries they controlled or colonized. They built roads and established a network of railroads. Ports were modernized. Many people were eager for western technology. Sewers and water systems added to the quality of life.
44. B. Progress Under Imperialism Education European nations soon realized that they could not attract enough fellow Europeans to handle all the jobs that had to be done in their colonies. These workers had to speak the language of their governing nation, and they had to have a basic western education. European schools taught promising students in the colonies.