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Chapter 4 Ancient Greece 2000 BC - 133 BC Western Civ.

Chapter 4 Ancient Greece 2000 BC - 133 BC Western Civ. ** Basis for European & American Civilization. I. Geography A. Balkan Peninsula B. Aegean Sea - separates Greece from Asia Minor C. 1/4 land farmland: olives & grapes main crops. D. Good Harbors

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Chapter 4 Ancient Greece 2000 BC - 133 BC Western Civ.

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  1. Chapter 4 Ancient Greece 2000 BC - 133 BC Western Civ. **Basis for European & American Civilization

  2. I. Geography A. Balkan Peninsula B. Aegean Sea - separates Greece from Asia Minor C. 1/4 land farmland: olives & grapes main crops

  3. D. Good Harbors • E. Peloponnesus peninsula of southern Greece • F. Attica northern peninsula

  4. G. Mountains (3/4th mainland) isolated Greek city-states

  5. H. Mediterranean Sea * world’s largest inland sea

  6. II. Minoan Civ.2000 BC A. Island of Crete*1st Greek Civ. dev.

  7. B. Minos*Legendary King of Crete Labyrinth maze Minotaur “Bull of Minos” 1/2 man & 1/2 Bull

  8. Theseus*killed Minotaur

  9. C. Knossos Palace City of Crete Sir Arthur Evans*discovered Minoan civ. 1898 Frescoes wall paintings on plaster Bulls *represented earthquakes

  10. Minos Throne

  11. D. Minoan Civ. collapsed 1400 BC Volcanic explosion - invasion Greek mainland?

  12. III. Mycenaean Civ. 1600 BC - 1100 BC A. Invasion of Greek mainland 2000 BC Indo – European B. Conquered Minoan Civ.

  13. C. Trojan War 1250 BC? Mycenaean's vs. Troy ParisTrojan Prince kidnapped Helen of Troywife of King of Sparta King Agamemnon -Greek leader Trojan War

  14. Trojan Horse 10 years of war Mycenaeans destroyed Troy

  15. D. Homer*blind Greek poet 750 BC 2 Epic Poems: Iliad Achilles -hero of Greek mythology Odyssey Adventures of Odysseus Greek warrior return after Fall of Troy Arete: Hero strives for excellence Ideals: Courage & Honor

  16. E. Henry Schliemann 1870 proved Troy really existed?

  17. Agamemnon Death Mask

  18. IV. Dark Age 1100 BC - 750 BC A. Dorian’s *barbaric Greek tribe *evolve into Spartans conquered Peloponnesus & Crete *period of decline

  19. B. Ionian’s Attica - Athens Greeks settled western Asia Minor (modern Turkey)

  20. V. Greek City-States A. Polis(Politics) *Greek city-states Athens & Sparta: Leading Greek City-states B. Hella**Greeks called their land Hellenes *Ancient Greeks called themselves C. Graeci = Latin for Greece

  21. D. Polis Characteristics 1. Small Population Citizens *adult males 18 *born in city Athens: 43,000 citizens 300,000 total people 2. Small Size Athens: 1000 Sq. miles Sparta *largest city-state 4000 sq. miles

  22. 3. Acropolis(High City) *hilltop fortress center of gov. & daily life / temples honor gods

  23. 4. Agora*marketplace

  24. E. City-State Governments 1. Monarchy‘’Age of Kings” *Dark Ages 2. Aristocracies“rule by the best” owned most land 700 BC - 650 BC 3. Tyranny 650 BC - 500 BC gov. by an individual, power by force control Army Champion of People ex. Sparta 4. Democracy*gov. by citizens Athens: 508 BC **worlds 1st Democratic Gov.

  25. VI. Athens Athena*Patron God of Athens *Olive Tree - gift to Athens vs. Poseidon Horse gift to Athens (pool of sea water)

  26. A. Athenians descendants of Mycenaeans B. Attica - peninsula Athens located unified Polis 700 BC

  27. C. Foundations of Democracy 1. Draco*1st King 621 BC 2. Solon “The Law Giver” 594 BC abolished debtors slavery aristocracy gov. 3. Pisistratus Tyrant seized power 560 BC Champion of People gave land to poor Solon Pisistratus

  28. 4. Cleisthenes*intro. foundations of Democracy 508 BC Athenian Assembly law making body / all male citizens Council of 500 ran everyday gov. & elected officials Tribesvoting districts of Athens 10 Tribes 50 members from each Tribe elected 10 Generals elected to run Army & Navy Ostracism6000 votes exile from Athens 10 years

  29. D. Athenian Citizenship Citizen native born Athenian males age 18 / oath to defend city 2 years military training Education - ages 8 - 18 Grammar Music Rhetoric art of public speaking History Religion Philosophy Sound mind & well trained body Sports & Gymnastics Women no political or legal rights /no formal education

  30. Aspasia *1ST Lady of Athens fought for education freedom for Athenian women

  31. VII. Sparta A. descendants of Dorian settled valley of Laconia - Peloponnesus 1150 BC B. Militaristic State *greatest of Greek fighters “The art of war was the Spartan ideal.”

  32. C. Spartan Gov. 2 Kings led army Ephers5 overseers elected to run daily gov. Council of Elders “Garosia” (supreme Court) 28 men over 60 proposed laws Assembly of Citizens all Spartan men over 20 passed laws

  33. D. Spartan Way of Life Age 7 boys lived: Military Barracks (Agogy) *brutal discipline Age 20 marry Cadetsages 20 - 30 Hoplite Spartan warrior Kryptaia elite secret police kill Helots Equals granted citizenship age 30 military career ended age 60

  34. Spartan Virtues: Courage, Strength, & Endurance

  35. E. Spartan Social Class 1. Citizens “Equals” 25,000 2. Perioeci“Free People” non Spartan Greeks / artisans & merchants 3. Helots Slaves 250,000 declare war on slaves once a year

  36. VIII. Persian Wars 492 BC – 479 BC A. Cyrus II 546 BC Persian king conquered Ionian Greeks B. Athens navy aids Ionian Greeks 499 BC Cyrus II

  37. C. Darius I Persian Emperor punish Athens “Master, remember the Athenians!”

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