Unit 8 The Modern Era

1. Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer Unit 8 The Modern Era How does a nation protect its freedom? The Modern Era

2. Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer Lessons Lesson 1 A New Century Lesson 2 Good Times, Hard Times Lesson 3 World War II Lesson 4 The Cold War Lesson 5 A Time of Change Lesson 6 Present-day Challenges

3. A New Century Lesson 1 Vocabulary progressive reform muckraker Treaty of Versailles League of Nations How did the United States protect its interests between 1900 and 1918? Reading Skill Make Inferences

4. A New Century Theodore Roosevelt Square Deal Progressive reforms in business and government National parks and laws to protect natural resources Panama Canal Central American shortcut from Atlantic to Pacific U.S. Navy helped Panama gain independence. U.S purchased Canal Zone. 1914: first 48-mile voyage Write About It! List the sequence of events leading to the completion of the Panama Canal.

5. A New Century World War I Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary assassinated in Serbia Alliances caused countries to take sides. Allied Powers Central Powers Deadly new weapons poison gas machine guns tanks submarines airplanes Trench warfare What event brought the U.S. into WWI? In 1917, Germany sank eight American ships.

6. A New Century 1917: President Wilson declared war on Central Powers. U.S. warships protected merchant ships. Germany already near defeat. The Home Front industries expanded job opportunities for women and minorities sacrificed by conserving Treaty of Versailles Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations? The U.S. Senate refused to approve the League of Nations because they did not want to be drawn into the political problems of other countries.

7. Good Times, Hard Times Lesson 2 Vocabulary suffrage mass production assembly line stock How did economic and political changes affect American freedoms? Reading Skill Make Inferences

8. Good Times, Hard Times “The Roaring 20s” Women’s Suffrage 19th Amendment The Great Migration Racial violence and Jim Crow laws in South African Americans left the South to move to cities in the North. Automobiles changed America. need for highways, gas stations, motels oil industry grew mass production, assembly line Age of Wonders vacuum cleaners, electric stoves, refrigerators radio and movies buying on credit

9. Good Times, Hard Times Widespread prejudice toward immigrants Laws limiting immigration Ku Klux Klan revival targeted African Americans, Jews, Catholics, and immigrants 4 million members Economy faced serious problems. Companies owned by stockholders. Many people owed money. Profits were falling. 1929: stock market crashed.

10. Good Times, Hard Times The Great Depression Banks closed. Companies went out of business. People lost jobs and homes. Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal Government programs hired workers. Social Security and unemployment insurance Drought in the Midwest – Dust Bowl

11. World War II Lesson 3 Vocabulary dictator neutral ration internment concentration camp How did the United States defend its freedom in World War II? Reading Skill Make Inferences

12. World War II Adolf Hitler was dictator of Germany. Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan 1939: Nazi army invaded Poland. Allied Powers declared war on Germany. U.S. tried to remain neutral. December 7, 1941: Japan attacked Pearl Harbor. U.S. entered the war.

13. Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer World War II War on two fronts Pacific Ocean and Asia Europe and Africa Battle of Midway – important U.S. victory in Pacific Germany driven out of Soviet Union and Italy surrendered D-Day – Allied forces landed in Normandy, France Germany surrendered. Holocaust U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Japan surrendered.

14. The Cold War Lesson 4 Vocabulary communism truce arms race satellite era How did world changes affect the United States from 1945 to 1960? Reading Skill Make Inferences

15. The Cold War Tensions grew between U.S and Soviet Union. Under dictator Josef Stalin, Soviet Union took control of much of Eastern Europe. Communism – government owns all property Americans feared spread of communism. Cold War fought with ideas, money, words Write About It! Why did Americans fear the spread of communism?

16. Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer The Cold War Identify the following terms and events from the Cold War. Communism United Nations NATO Marshall Plan Iron Curtain Propaganda Nuclear weapons tests Korean War Arms race

17. Lessons Review Maps Maps Graphic Organizer Graphic Organizer The Cold War 1950s People had more money Houses, televisions, cars McCarthyism Senator McCarthy accused many people of being communists Unfair attacks Berlin Wall divided communist East Berlin from free West Berlin. The Space Race Soviet Sputnik U.S. Neil Armstrong walked on moon Cuban Missile Crisis

18. A Time of Change Lesson 5 Vocabulary Civil Rights Act prejudice Voting Rights Act migrant farm worker What were the results of protest in the second half of the 20th century? Reading Skill Make Inferences

19. A Time of Change Identify the following terms and events from the 1960s. The Montgomery Bus Boycott March on Washington The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act President Kennedy assassinated The War on Poverty and the Great Society Migrant workers and the UFW The Women’s Movement and NOW

20. A Time of Change What was the importance of Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education? Plessy v. Ferguson ruled that separate but equal was constitutional and allowed racial segregation of schools. In Brown v. Board of Education the Supreme Court overturned Plessy v. Ferguson and school segregation became illegal. Why did the Vietnam War divide Americans? The “Hawks” believed that the U.S. had to fight the North Vietnamese to stop communism from spreading. The “Doves” believed the U.S. should not fight in a war when its own safety was not threatened.

21. Present-day Challenges Lesson 6 Vocabulary terrorism interdependence North American Free Trade Agreement global warming What challenges does the United States face in the 21st century? Reading Skill Make Inferences

22. Present-day Challenges Terrorism in the United States September 11, 2001 Al Qaeda War in Iraq and Afghanistan Economic interdependence North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) Environmental issues burning of fossil fuels pollution and acid rain global warming The Future developments in science and technology new energy sources

23. Present-day Challenges Use clues from the text to make inferences about the War on Terrorism. What You Know Text Clues Inferences President Bush declared war on terrorists, not Muslims. On 9/11/01, terrorists attacked the U.S. The enemy is terrorism, not Islam. Insurgents try to topple the new democratic government. Extremists want non-Muslim occupying forces to leave Iraq. The United States invaded Iraq. President Bush vowed to defeat all terrorists. Terrorists are difficult to fight. Insurgents attack U.S. forces in Iraq.

24. Review Why did the U.S. enter World War I? Germans sank the Lusitania with Americans on board, and then sank eight American ships. Why did the U.S. decide not to join the League of Nations? The U.S. Senate refused to approve the League because they did not want to be drawn into the political problems of countries far from the U.S. border. What was the Nineteenth Amendment? The Nineteenth Amendment gave women the right to vote. What period followed the stock market crash of 1929? The Great Depression followed the stock market crash.

25. Review Why was the success of the Normandy invasion so important to the Allies? The victory at Normandy pushed the German forces away from the coast and the Allies were able to surround Germany from three sides. How did the U.S. end the war with Japan? The U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. What is global warming? Global warming is an overall rise in the Earth’s temperature. Burning fossil fuels releases gases, especially carbon dioxide, into the atmosphere. Scientists believe these gases help trap the sun’s heat near Earth, causing a rise in temperature.

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