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U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 12-3 THE COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION

U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 12-3 THE COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION . OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION. In 1866, the Ku Klux Klan was formed It was originally a social club for Confederate veterans As it spread throughout the South, however, it goal became to restore white supremacy.

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U.S. HISTORY CHAPTER 12-3 THE COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION

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  1. U.S. HISTORYCHAPTER 12-3THE COLLAPSE OF RECONSTRUCTION

  2. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION • In 1866, the Ku Klux Klan was formed • It was originally a social club for Confederate veterans • As it spread throughout the South, however, it goal became to restore white supremacy

  3. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION • They used violence to keep African Americans from voting • From 1868-71, the Klan killed thousands of men, women and children, most of whom were black • The Klan also killed whites who helped African Americans in anyway

  4. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION • The terror tactics kept blacks from voting • By 1876, white Democrats took power 8 southern states • These Democrats were known as “Redeemers” • Redeemers were those who brought back southern power

  5. OPPOSITION TO RECONSTRUCTION • To stem the violence, Congress passed a series of Enforcement Acts in 1870 & 71 • They provided for federal supervision of elections in Southern states • Congress also passed the Amnesty Act in 1872 • This returned the right to vote and hold federal offices to Confederates barred in the 14th Amendment • This undercut Republican governments in the South, as these Confederates almost all voted Democratic

  6. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION • President Grant’s Administration was very corrupt • Grant could not distinguish honest people • Many of his family, staff & cabinet peddled their influence with the President in return for cash • One such scandal was the Credit Mobilier Scandal

  7. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION • The Union Pacific Railroad formed its own construction company • It was called Credit Mobilier • The railroad officers used Credit Mobilier to overcharge on government contracts

  8. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION • They reaped huge sums in personal profits • To prevent investigation, the company gave stock to those who could protect them • These included members of Congress and Grant’s Vice President

  9. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION • In 1875, the Whiskey Ring was exposed • Internal-revenue collectors accepted bribes from whiskey distillers • These distillers wanted to avoid paying taxes • The ring defrauded the government of millions of dollars

  10. THE GRANT ADMINISTRATION • Of the 238 persons indicted in the scandal, one was Grant’s private secretary General Orville E. Babcock • Grant could not accept his secretary was guilt and helped him avoid conviction • In 1876, the Secretary of War William W. Belknap was impeached by the House • He had accepted bribes from merchants who wanted to keep trade concessions in Indian Territory • The Grant Scandals hurt the Republican party

  11. THE SUPREME COURT • The Supreme Court also set back reconstruction • The Slaughterhouse cases decided most civil rights were protected by the state, rather than the federal government • U.S. v. Cruickshank ruled the federal government had no power to punish whites who oppressed blacks • In U.S. v. Reese, the court ruled the 15th Amendment only limited the type of discrimination states could not use

  12. THE SUPREME COURT • All of these cases limited the 14th and 15th Amendment rights • The Grant Scandals, Supreme Court set backs and Southern resistance caused Northerners to retreat from Reconstruction

  13. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877 • The 1876 Election was between Democrat Samuel Tilden & Republican Rutherford B. Hayes • Tilden won popular vote, but was 1 vote short in electoral college • There were accusations of voter fraud

  14. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877 • An electoral commission was formed to decide the election • The commission decided on party lines and Hayes won

  15. THE COMPROMISE OF 1877 • To keep nation from violence, a compromise was reached • According to the compromise: • Democrats accepted Hayes as President • Republicans agreed to remove federal troops from the south

  16. AFTER RECONSTRUCTION • The South became similar to what it was before Civil War • Whites returned to power • Segregation, separation of the races, became the way of life

  17. AFTER RECONSTRUCTION • The South passed “Jim Crow” laws • These laws legally segregated blacks from whites • The 14th and 15th amendments were just ignored

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