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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI's) There is a new infection ever 3 seconds

SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI's) There is a new infection ever 3 seconds 1 in 4 teenagers in Minnesota report an STI Teens (15-19) have STI's at four times a rate higher than people aged 25-44. STI's are reported at a rate of about 30/day/Minnesota

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SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI's) There is a new infection ever 3 seconds

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  1. SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS (STI's) There is a new infection ever 3 seconds 1 in 4 teenagers in Minnesota report an STI Teens (15-19) have STI's at four times a rate higher than people aged 25-44. STI's are reported at a rate of about 30/day/Minnesota Chlamydia and Gonorrhea have the highest rate of cases in Powderhorn and Camden neighborhoods. This rate is higher that even those in other metro areas of the United States! Sexually Transmitted Infections are transmitted in a variety of ways. This is often called the mode of transmission:Vaginal Oral Anal Vaginal Delivery - affects infants Incubation Period - From the time you are infected until you see signs or symptoms of the disease.

  2. HOW TO PREVENT THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENS A pathogen is a germ that causes disease. A communicable disease or infectious disease is an illness caused by pathogens that can be spread from one living thing to another. There are many type of pathogens that cause disease: Bacteria:Single celled organisms. Sexual infections caused by bacteria: syphilis, gonorrhea, and chlamydia. All of these are curable, but can get them again if re-infected.

  3. Virus: Smallest known pathogens. When a virus enters a cell it takes over the cell and causes it to make more viruses. These are released and take over other cells. Sexual based viruses: H.I.V., Genital Warts, Genital Herpes, and Hepatitis B and C. Fungi: Single or multi celled parasitic organism. Fungi can live on skin, mucous membranes, and lungs can cause disease in the process. An example of a sexually transmitted fungi would be Candidiasis.

  4. Protozoa: Tiny, single-celled organisms that produce toxins that cause disease. A disease transmitted infection caused by a protozoan is called Trichomoniasis. Parasites: Have the ability to crawl and live away from a human host for a period of time. Examples of sexually transmitted infections caused by a parasite would be: Pubic Lice (crabs).

  5. STI's can cause:Ectopic PregnancyDeath or severe damage to the body from the infected motherCancer of the cervixDamage to the heard, kidneys, and brain.Re-occurrenceSterilityDeath Mode of transportation:VaginalOralAnalSometimes infants can be infected during Vaginal Delivery

  6. The most common STI's Chlamydia- Bacteria -- Curable 2 to 3 weeks for males, usually no symptoms for females Males- Watery or thin white discharge Females- If any, vaginal bleeding/discharge, itching, burning of vagina, painful intercourse, and abdominal pain.

  7. Gonorrhea- Bacteria -- Curable 2 to 7 days after exposure Maybe show no signs or painful urination for both sexes Yellow or white pus from the penis Discharge and itching for women Treatment with penicillin, but some strains are resistant to antibiotics

  8. Concerns with Gonorrhea: PID (Pelvic inflammatory disease) Infertility for both men and women Can spread to the bloodstream and infect joints, heart valves, and brain Can be spread to newborns via vaginal delivery and affects the eyes. Treatment is with silver nitrate.

  9. Syphilis: Bacteria Curable Incubation - 10 days to 3 weeks, up to 3 months There are three stages of Syphilis

  10. Stage 1 of Syphilis: 3 to 12 weeks after exposure, a "chancre" or reddish sores on the mouth, sex organs, breasts, & fingers. Sores will last 1 to 5 weeks. Treatable in this stage. Stage 2: After sores disappear, a rash will appear on the whole body, but most definitely on the hands and feet. Flu-like symptoms also appear. Treatable in this stage.

  11. Stage 3: Heart disease, brain disease, called "latent" stage. This may include progressive mental degeneration. Not treatable in this stage.

  12. Genital Herpes • It is virus a based organism. • 2 to 30 days after exposure. • Small, painful fluid-filled blisters on sex organs or anus. • Progresses to open sores that crust over. • Mild burning sensation for men, vaginal discharge for women. • No cure! Treatable with anti-viral medication for blisters. • Women who contract genital herpes are 5 times more likely to have cervical cancer.

  13. Genital Warts • Human papilloma virus = HPV No cure. • Incubation is 4 weeks to 6 months • Pink or gray warts, dry, painless growths • Rough in texture • Flat or raised • If untreated, may grow into cauliflower-like masses. • Women may see warts on the vulva, but rarely elsewhere. • Treatment- Podphyllin, a toxic agent which dried warts Laser therapy Interferon treatments.

  14. Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C • Virus with NO cure • Incubation is 2-6 months after exposure • Signs are fatigue, abdominal pain, and loss of appetite. • Treatment- Hepatitis B has a vaccine Hepatitis C has NONE! • The virus slowly destroys the liver, like cirrhosis of the liver, • where scar tissue replaces healthy liver tissue.

  15. HIV - AIDS(Human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome) Organism - Virus NO cure Transmitted- Sexual contact with an infected person, contact with fluids of infected persons, or sharing needles with an infected person. Also from Mother to baby through umbilical cord, during birth, or from receiving breast milk.

  16. Incubation- For 6 months up to 10 years a person may be asymptomatic, a period of time during which a person infected with HIV has no symptoms. During this time the immune system will keep pace with the virus, but eventually, as the number of cells in the immune system decline, other infections start to take over. This marks the beginning of the symptomatic stage, the stage in which a person infected with HIV has symptoms as a result of a severe drop in the immune cells. The infected person may have such symptoms as swollen glands, weight loss, and yeast infections.

  17. Opportunistic DiseasesTests for HIV: EIA (ELISA) false positive Western Blot More accurate Opportunistic infections are infections that occurs in individuals who do not have healthy immune systems. These infections are difficult to treat. With a weakened immune system, the infected individual suffers one illness after another, (tuberculosis, recurrent pneumonia, a lung disease called pneumocystis carinii, a cancer of the cervix, and Kaposi's sarcoma.

  18. Detecting HIV: EIA Test - The first test usually performed in an ELISA or EIA- a test that screens for the presence of HIV antibodies in the blood. However, the EIA may give inaccurate results because: Developing antibodies takes time. Most people will test positive 3 to 4 weeks but some people will take up to 6 weeks to test positive. Certain health conditions, such as hemophilia, hepatitis and pregnancy can cause the EIA to give a false positive reading.

  19. Western Blot Test-If the EIA test is positive, it can be repeated to make sure the results are accurate. If the repeat test is also positive, other confirmation tests will be done. The Western Blot Test or WB is the most common confirmation test for HIV in the United States. If this test is done properly, the test results are 100% accurate.

  20. Pubic Lice- Crabs • Parasite • No incubation period, it is immediate • Besides sexual contact this can be contracted from towels, etc. • Intense itching in genital area • Treated with doctor prescribed medication creams, and special soaps.

  21. Candidiasis • Fungus • Incubation 2-3 weeks • No symptoms for men • Women will have a cheesy white discharge and itching • Most common type of fungus infection is a vaginal yeast infection. This is common for women due to change in climate of vagina (i.e. cold, antibiotics, frequent douching) • All are curable with antibiotics

  22. Trichomoniasis • Organism is protozoan based • Incubation- this organism can live/survive up to 60-90 minutes on external objects, up to 3 hours in urine, and up to 6 hours in semen. You will begin to see signs 3-28 days later. • Symptoms are clear discharge, painful urination, are urethra and bladder infections for men. • Women have green, foul-smelling discharge, painful itching and burning with urination. • Both partners must be treated with Flagyl, an anitbiotic.

  23. Bacterial Vaginosis • Similar to Trichomoniasis, the difference is that this is bacteria based. • It is sometimes accompanied by discharge, odor, pain, itching , or burning. • Treatment is with antibiotics • Incubation is unclear

  24. REDUCING THE RISK OF STI's 1. Abstaining from sex. 2. Change your behavior - if you have been sexually active you can stop! If you choose to continue to be sexually active be safe, educate yourself, and prevent the spread of diseases by being tested for HIV and other STI's, and by using condoms. 3. Having a monogamous marriage if choosing to marry in the future. 4. Choosing a drug-free lifestyle. Drugs dull reasoning and judgment. 5. Avoid use of injection drugs. People sharing needles, syringes, or injection equipment are at risk for contracting and STI. 6. Change your behavior if using drugs - get help. 7. Avoid sharing a needle to make tattoos or to pierce ears and other body parts. 8. Follow universal precautions - proper steps should be taken when around blood or other body fluids to prevent the spread of diseases.

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