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Andy, Ashleigh, Laura, and Leslie. Student Conduct. The Beginning – 1700s. Some of the earliest forms of misconduct were dealing with students who had issues with the institution Corporal punishment was viewed as acceptable, but gave way to rustication and degradation ( Thelin , 2004)
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Andy, Ashleigh, Laura, and Leslie Student Conduct
The Beginning – 1700s • Some of the earliest forms of misconduct were dealing with students who had issues with the institution • Corporal punishment was viewed as acceptable, but gave way to rustication and degradation (Thelin, 2004) • College presidents and administrators were at the will of donors and enforced what they wanted (as cited in Kapfl, 2011)
Early 1800s • More colleges emerged and donor influence declined • In Loco Parentis • Strict rules were established and all aspects of student life were regulated • Humiliation and fines served as forms of discipline • Expulsions and suspensions were viewed as ways to remove unwanted behaviors (As cited in Kapfl)
Mid 1800s • Less emphasis on strict discipline led to fewer rebellions on campus • Student self-discipline and self-governance began to form • students treated as young adults • Emphasis on utilitarianism and democracy • Code of conduct was more formalized (as cited in Kapfl)
Late 1800s – A Glimpse to the Future • Special police forces were hired • faculty no longer served the as only disciplinarian • Student committees formed in dorms to maintain order • Vanderbilt, Pennsylvania, Chicago • Student advisors consulted with faculty on various issues and matters that arose • Princeton, Virginia, Wesleyan, Bates • Student governments eventually gained more power (as cited in Kapfl)
1900s • Early 1900s continued to focus on student driven systems with assistance of faculty and staff • 1960s brought an emphasis on the legality of student discipline • Dixon v. Alabama State Board of Education - Six black students were expelled after participating in a civil rights demonstration. They did not receive a hearing before the expulsion. The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals determined it was necessary for students to have a hearing (as cited in Kapfl)
What now? • Discipline moved into a legal minded direction • relationship between student and institution is viewed by the courts as contractual • Brought about the label “judicial affairs” • Disciplinarians implement more formal investigations and ask more questions • Educational opportunity to help students look at the case objectively and to help understand their actions and consequences – Not punishment, but education
Purpose • To administer standards of student conduct within colleges and universities • Maintain and strengthen ethical climate • Promote academic integrity • Set behavioral expectations • Accomplish in a manner that protects the rights, health, and safety of members of the community without undue interference (http://www.theasca.org/ethicalprinciples/)
Association for Student Judicial Affairs • 1986 – Don Gehring of the University of Louisville discussed plans for professional association • 1987 – interested persons met at Stetson University Law and Higher Education conference, and later gathered at Louisville to create framework of organization • 1989 – first annual conference in Clearwater Beach, FL • Today over 1700 members, representing 700 institutions (“History of the ASCA”)
Conduct History – Missouri State • July 1907 – first written rules of conduct in the Normal School Bulletin • four rules and only one was related to student conduct (Landon, 2004) • Only stated conduct rule: prohibited students from going to pool halls • Unspoken rule: no smoking or alcohol • Expectation: live morally
Conduct History – Missouri State • 1920: Student Council was created; student leaders (Landon, 2004) • Oversaw Student Conduct • No record of how this was accomplished • The Red Book • Guide to student life • Small section of policies: not detailed • President had most influence on conduct
Conduct History – Missouri State • 30s: Key and Dagger Club hazing incident (Landon, 2004) • 40s: WWII veterans; more mature • 50s: More alcohol-related incidents • 60s: Student activism; streakers • 70s: Panty raids by males
Conduct History – Missouri State • Pre-1956: Dean of Men and Dean of Women took care of all conduct matters (Landon, 2004) • 1957: Bear Facts!; created to include a code of conduct • 1962: Long-term plan; code of conduct, judicial office, system for academic dishonesty • 1969-70: John Ashcroft asked to create the code • 1971-72: First code of conduct included in Bear Facts!
Conduct Today – Missouri State • Office of Student Conduct • Plaster Student Union • Part of the Dean of Students office • Coordinator: Kim Sahr • Administrative Assistant • Graduate Assistant • Main Purpose • “to educate, protect, and hold students accountable” (K. R. Sahr, personal communication, November 3, 2011, para. 2)
Conduct Today – Missouri State • Future goals • Develop more campus initiatives for education • Developing informational handouts on the hearing board process • Revise the Code of Conduct • Evaluation of the adjudication process • Revise the current mission statement
Conduct Today – Missouri State • Budgeting • Fairly small budget • Main portion is from fines for drug and alcohol violations; goes back into paying for drug and alcohol education • Extra money goes into more campus programming from the office and other on campus organizations • Money can be requested by other organizations if the program is related to conduct education
Analysis of MSU’s Office of Student Conduct • Mission: “to educate students concerning their rights, privileges, and corresponding duties and responsibilities.” • The office is responsible for “adjudicating alleged violations of the code, safeguarding student rights, and dealing with emergency situations which involve students” (Office of Student Conduct, 2009)
Proactive vs Reactive • Proactive side of the office consists of upholding the student conduct code, educating, and referring students • Reactive side of the office involves disciplinary and sanctioning in regards to violations. • Also provides resources for sexual assault victims, drug abuse, alcoholism, and family violence
Accessibility for Students • A small percentage of students will ever use the services provided • Information can be found online or at the administrative office • Rights and responsibilities of students • Confidentiality • Emergency contacts • Code of Conduct
Addressing diverse and non-traditional populations • The Code of Student Rights and Responsibilities explains that all students are afforded the same basic rights • Free expression • Representation in student government • Equal use of facilities
Issues and Trends within Student Conduct • Issues • Funding with struggling economy • Ever changing legislation and policy • Trends • Dangerous behaviors • Technological advancements • Academic integrity
Learning Imperatives • “Mission complements the institution's mission, with the enhancement of student learning and personal development.” • “Includes staff who are experts on students, their environments and teaching and learning processes.”
Opportunities • Office continuously tries to provide education not just discipline • Seek students, faculty, and staff that are committed to educating students • Provide opportunities to the university community through the Campus Hearing Board
Overall Strategic Direction • Provide meaningful interactions with student through more engagement • Educate students that the office is there to help, as this may deter negative behavior • Enhance communication and collaboration with other departments on campus • Further expand assessment of program area
References • American College Personnel Association. (1996). Student learning imperative. Washington D.C. • Kotler, P., & Murphy E. P., (1981). Strategic planning for higher education. The Journal of Higher Education. 470-489. • Ethical Principles and Standards of Conduct (1993, January). In Serving Higher Education Student Conduct Administrators. Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.theasca.org/ethicalprinciples/ • History of ASCA (n.d.). In Serving Higher Education Student Conduct Administrators. • Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://www.theasca.org/history/ • Krapfl, K.A. (2011). Judicial affairs: history, moral development, and the critical role of students (Master’s thesis). Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8446 • Landon, D. D. (2004). Daring to excel: The first 100 years of Southwest Missouri State • University. Marceline, MO: Walsworth Publishing Company. • Missouri State University Office of Student Conduct. (2008) Code of student rights and responsibilities. Retrieved from: http://www.missouristate.edu/StudentConduct/12331.htm