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Islam

Islam. The Will of Allah. Meanings. Allah is God Islam means submission Muslim is one who submits The Qur’an is the Sacred Text. Muhammad. The Prophet who spread Islam Was born in 570 CE in Mecca His father died when he was very young and his mother died soon after

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Islam

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  1. Islam The Will of Allah

  2. Meanings • Allah is God • Islam means submission • Muslim is one who submits • The Qur’an is the Sacred Text

  3. Muhammad • The Prophet who spread Islam • Was born in 570 CE in Mecca • His father died when he was very young and his mother died soon after • He went to live with his grandfather who died two years later • He then lived with his uncle Abu Talib

  4. The Life of Muhammad • He worked as a caravan driver for a widow whom he later married • Influenced by Judaism and Christianity • While meditating the angel Gabriel appeared to him • He was commanded to recite what later became known as the Qur’an

  5. One of Many • Muhammad is one of many prophets • Moses, Isaiah, Elijah, Ezekiel, Jesus, etc.

  6. Descendents • “Seed” of Abraham • Ishmael was sacrificed • People of Allah

  7. The Five Pillars of Islam • Creed - Shahadah • Prayer - Salat • Charity to the Poor - Zakat • Fasting during Ramadan • Pilgrimage to Mecca - Hajj

  8. The First Pillar • Creed - Shahadah - There is only one God Allah and Muhammad is his Prophet • reciting this with belief makes one a Muslim. • it is simple. • it emphasizes the unity of God.

  9. The Second Pillar • Prayer - Salat - Five daily prayers facing the Holy City of Mecca • one prays before dawn, midday, midafternoon, sunset and at night. • Ritual cleansing is involved. • times for prayer are announced by a muezzin who calls out from the top of a tower called a minaret.

  10. Prayer • When there is a prayer group one acts as the leader. • Passages from the Qur’an are recited. • Friday is the public day of prayer usually in the midafternoon. Men are at the mosque and women are at home. • The Friday public prayer usually includes a sermon.

  11. The Third Pillar • Giving of Alms - Zakat - One gives 2.5 percent of one’s total income to the poor usually dispensed by the government. • A Muslim is also expected to perform acts of charity as part of one’s everyday life.

  12. The Fourth Pillar • Fasting during Ramadan • One abstains from eating during the daylight hours for a whole month. • One also avoids liquid, tobacco and sex from dusk until dawn.

  13. Ramadan • Purpose • discipline • develop sympathy for the poor • give to others what you would have eaten • It is the ninth month of the Muslim calendar (lunar) cycle • It is the time during which Muhammad received his revelations.

  14. The Fifth Pillar • Pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca - Hajj • It is a religious journey by a believer. • All Muslims, unless not able due to sickness and poverty, are expected to make the journey. • Only Muslims may visit the city.

  15. The Pilgrimage • The greater pilgrimage is made during a special month dhu’l-Hijjah • The lesser pilgrimage is made during other times of the year. • There is ritual and purification involved. • Uniformed clothing, special prayers, and refraining from sex, violence and hunting.

  16. The Ka’ba • It is located in the center of the Great Mosque of Mecca. • It is approximately 50’ high and 40’ wide and covered with a black cloth. • The inside is empty and is ritually purified. • The Black Stone which is believed to be a meteorite is embedded in one of the walls.

  17. The Holy Qur’an • The Qur’an (Koran) is believed to be from Allah and was revealed to Muhammad over a twenty year period. • The word Qur’an means recitation. • Muhammad’s followers wrote down his revelations. • Only the Arabic version is considered authoritative.

  18. The Qur’an • It is made up of 114 suras (chapters) and each one has a name. • It contains teachings about life and regulations about many things. • It has affected Islamic art. • Some handwritten copies of the Qur’an are artwork themselves. • Passages from the Qur’an can be found on buildings.

  19. Islamic Law • Islamic Law is called Sharia. • It guides the believer in every phase of his or her life. • Traditional Islam does not separate religion from secular; this is problematic in many Islamic countries. • Traditional Islam is theocratic--that is it is the “rule of God.”

  20. Additional Islamic Practices • Dietary - The Qur’an forbids the eating of pork or the drinking of wine. The prohibition on wine includes all alcohol. • Usury and Gambling - Charging interest on loans is not allowed nor is gambling allowed. • Circumcision - All males are to be circumcised. Probably following the practice of Abraham. Some Muslim countries practice female circumcision.

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