New Horizon College English Unit 8 Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

1. New Horizon College English Unit 8 Legal and Moral Implications of Cloning

2. Expression & Patterns Pre-reading Activities Background information Questions for discussion Summary Text Analysis Text structure Devices for developing it Main idea Writing Exercises Writing skill Writing practice Homework & Revision Words using Words game

3. Background Information Pre-reading Activities • Cloning • Bill Clinton • DNA

4. Cloning: The process of making a genetically identical organism through nonsexual means. Pre-reading Activities Background Information

5. Bill Clinton:the 42nd President of the United States (1993-2001). Pre-reading Activities Background Information

6. Back DNA:(deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸) the chemical at the center of the cells of living things which controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries genetic information during reproduction.  Pre-reading Activities Background Information

7. Pre-reading Activities Questions for discussion work in pairs to discuss the following questions.

8. Questions for discussion Pre-reading Activities 1. What do you knowabout cloning? 2. What is the significance of cloning?

9. Pre-reading Activities hint to the questions Bring confusion and fear to people because they worry that it would threaten human society and dignity. With human cloning in wide use, ecological balance and the natural principle of life and death will be broken so as to bring about great disasters. On the whole, people should realize the advantages and disadvantages of human cloning so that they apply it to where it will really bring blessings to human society and meanwhile prevent it from forming any threat to the long-honored ethicsand morals of human society.

10. Expressions & patterns Words & ExpressionWord UsingWord Game

11. Words using 1. At first it was just plain surprising. plain: ad. obviously; plainly; unmistakably (“Plain” is often used informally for “Plainly”) e.g. What Tom said was plain wrong. 2. Word last week that a scientist named Ian Wilmut has succeeded in cloning an adult mammal—an achievement long thought impossible— caught the imagination of everyone. meaning: The news that a scientist named Ian Wilmut had successfully cloned an adult mammal led people to imagine a lot. His successful clone was an achievement that has been thought impossible for a long time. word: a piece of news or message (in this sense without a or the) e.g. Word came that I was needed at home.有消息传来说家里需我。 请把您平安的到达的消息告诉我。 Please send me word of your safe arrival, Or Please send me word that you have arrived safely.

12. Words using 3.…theoretically would work for humans as well. meaning: Since Dolly, a plain sheep, could be cloned in the laboratory, human would, in theory, be created in the same way. work for : a. apply to e.g. 安全驾驶的规章制度适用于每个人。 The rules of safe driving work for everyone. b. make efforts to achieve something e.g. The statesman has been working for peace. 那个政治家一直在为（争取）和平而努力。 4. A world with human clones was suddenly within reach. within (one’s) reach: a. inside the distance that a hand, etc. can touch e.g. My brother is so tall that the top shelf is within his reach. b. inside the distance that can be easily traveled e.g. The house is within reach of schools and sports facilities. ---- The house is close to schools and sports facilities. (beyond/ out of (one’s ) reach--- the opposite of within (one’s) reach )

13. Words using 5. And wild questions on the topic of cloning continue to mount. mountvi. increase in amount or degree e.g. 价格降低后，销售量就上去了。 Sales were mounting after prices were lowered. vt. a. go up or onto e.g. mount the stairs/ a horse/the platform 上楼梯/上马/走上讲台 b. prepare and produce; organize e.g. mount an exhibition 筹备展览 6. Why would anyone want to clone a human being in the first place? meaning: Why would people want to clone a human being at all/ to begin with? in the first place: at first; in the beginning e.g. They forgot that I never wanted my brother involved in the first place. Compare: in the first place…, in the second (place)…: (when making point in an argument) firstly, secondly.

14. Words using 7. The human cloning situations that experts consider most frequently fall into two broad categories: 1) parents who want to clone a child, either provide transplant for a dying child… fall into: a. be divided into e.g. These books fall into three classes. b. develop or acquire something e.g. fall into bad habits 养成坏习惯 transplant Word- formation: The prefix trans-, which means “across” or “from one to another” may be added to adjectives, nouns and verbs. trans- + adjectives: transnational trans- + nouns: transship trans- + verbs: transplant

15. Words using 8. What if parents decided to clone a child in order to harvest organs? meaning: What would happen if parents decided to clone a child in order to have organs? What if…: what would happen if… e.g. What if the rumor is true? What if you went instead of me? 9. How would a human clone refer to the donor of its DNA? refer to: a. use a particular word, expression, or name to mention somebody/something (in this sense it is often followed by “as”) e.g. The professor referred to him as a graduate student with a bright future. b. talk about a particular subject or person e.g. Tom often refers to his unhappy childhood. c. turn to somebody/something for information e.g. refer to a dictionary/ an expert 查字典/询问专家

16. Words using 10. One expert believes the situation could be comparable to what occurred in the 16th century… Compare: comparable--- able or suitable to be compared comparative--- measured or judged by comparing e.g. The achievements of an athlete and a writer are not comparable. In a poor country, owning a bicycle is a sign of comparative wealth. be comparable to/ with: similar in size, number, quality, etc. so that a comparison is possible e.g. A heart is comparable with a pump. 11. The list of questions could go on; people are just beginning to wonder about the future of the world after cloning. wonder about: be curious about; ask oneself questions about e.g. I have been wondering about Jack’s health recently.

17. Words Game think about complete the words based on the meanings

18. Words Game forbid, esp. by law prohibit transplant an organ or plant moved from one person or one place to another debate discuss a subject formally resemble be similar to sb. or sth. the state in which one can not decide what to do confusion divide things into groups classify

19. Text Analysis Part I (1): background situation of the passage Text Structure Part II (2—3): responses to the background situation mentioned in Para.1. Part III (4—18): a list if puzzles or questions. Part IV (19): Conclusion

20. Text Analysis devices for developing it Listing (para 14-16) list 1 “mom” is not right, because a clone was not born question How would a human clone refer to the Donor of its DNA? list 2 “dad” is not right, because a traditional father supplies only half of the DNA in A child

21. summary Main Idea This text tells us the legal and moral implication of cloning, that is, the social meaning of cloning. The essay lists a number of questions about the legal and moral implications that arise from cloning, such as, the reasons for cloning; what should we call the clonee?, etc.

22. Views on cloning

23. Ⅵ. Writing 写作模式（各抒己见类） 1)Almost everyone would agree that the birth / appearance / arrival / development of sth.…2)But this agreement ceases to exist just when it comes to…(议论的主题)(Para. I) （划线部分可替换）

24. Ⅵ. Writing 3)Many / Some people contend / believe / argue that…(一方观点)4)They base their contention / belief / argument on the grounds that…(理由I)5）Besides, as they often point out, ... (理由II) 6）Yet others react to the issue / matter the other way around and hold / assert that the opposite is just reasonable / more acceptable.(另一方观点)7)From their angle of view, …(理由I)8)And even worse, as they claim, …(理由II)(Para. II) （划线部分可替换）

25. Ⅵ. Writing 9)I am of / adhere to / stick to the opinion / view / truth thatanything new, including…, can bring human society fortunes / merits / advantages or misfortunes / demerits / disadvantages, all depending on ...(我的看法)10)On the one hand, …(理由I)11) But onthe other, ...(理由II) 12) In short, the key / solution to the problem is always controlled in …(结论句) （划线部分可替换）

26. Ⅵ. Writing Views on Cloning 1. 有人认为克隆技术的应用利大于弊， 理由是······ 2. 也有人认为弊大于利，······ 3. 我的看法。

27. Ⅵ. Writing Reference model: Views on Cloning 1)Almost everyone would agree thatthe birth of Dolly, as the first clone of an adult animal, has opened a new way of seeing the creation of life for the world. 2)But this agreement ceases to exist just when it comes to whether cloning will bring fortunes or misfortunes to human society.

28. Ⅵ. Writing 3)Many contend thatthe merits of cloning will outrun its demerits.4)They base their contention on the grounds thatcloning is the most effective method of saving the rare wild lives from dying out.5)Besides, as they also point out,cloning can help provide better ways to treat some serious or deadly sicknesses, such as diabetes, and Parkinson’s disease.6)Yet others react to the issue the other way around and hold that the opposite

29. Ⅵ. Writing is justreasonable. 7) From their angle of view,cloning will threaten the ecological balance by destroying the natural reproduction through the enjoyment of sexual love between the male and the female.8) And even worse, as they reveal,cloning will bring greater disasters to human society if it is used in creation of individuals with extreme genetic qualities, like terrorists, desperate scoundrels, and war manias.

30. Ⅵ. Writing 9)I stick to the opinion thatanything new, including cloning, can bring human society fortunes or misfortunes, all depending on how it is exploited.10)On the one hand,it will be an inestimable blessing to the human world if it is applied to reproduction of best dairy cows or other choice domestic poultries. 11)But on the other hand, it will form a big threat to human society once it is abused in copying those hostile toward humanity. 12)In short, the solution to the problem is always within man’s reach.

31. Exercises • Learn the new words and expressions of the text by heart. • Go over the text and try to get the main idea of the text. • Do the exercises on pages.

32. Everyday Sentence Progress is the activity of today and the assurance of tomorrow . (Emerson, American thinker ) 进步是今天的活动、明天的保证。 (美国思想家 家默生)

33. Thank You for Your Attention!