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Chapter Nine: Charlemagne and the Rise of Medieval Culture

. . . . Charlemagne: Ruler and Diplomat. Papal CoronationLeo III, Christmas 800Revival of Western Roman EmpireFeudal AdministrationLegal decreesBureaucratic systemLiteracyForeign RelationsByzantines, Muslims. . . Charlemagne: Economic Developments. Stabilized the currencyDenierTrade FairsJewish merchantsTrade RoutesImport / Export RelationshipsIron Broadswords.

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Chapter Nine: Charlemagne and the Rise of Medieval Culture

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    1. Chapter Nine: Charlemagne and the Rise of Medieval Culture

    3. Charlemagne: Ruler and Diplomat Papal Coronation Leo III, Christmas 800 Revival of Western Roman Empire Feudal Administration Legal decrees Bureaucratic system Literacy Foreign Relations Byzantines, Muslims

    4. Charlemagne: Economic Developments Stabilized the currency Denier Trade Fairs Jewish merchants Trade Routes Import / Export Relationships Iron Broadswords

    5. Learning in the Time of Charlemagne “Palace School” at Aachen Scholar-teachers Alcuin of York Curriculum Trivium, quadrivium Mastery of texts Seven Liberal Arts Literacy as prerequisite for worship

    6. Learning in the Time of Charlemagne Alcuin of York Sacramentary – prayer book Corrected errors in the Vulgate Bible Developed Frankish school system Literacy and Women Dhouda – authored a text on childrearing Illuminated manuscripts

    7. Benedictine Monasticism Early monasticism Varying monastic lifestyles No predominate rule The Rule of St. Benedict “Magna Carta of monasticism” Poverty, stability, obedience, chastity Balance of prayer, work, and study Horarium

    8. Women and the Monastic Life Scholastica (d. 543) St. Benedict’s sister Brigid of Ireland (d. 525) Hilda, abbess of Whitby (614-680) Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) Writer, painter, illustrator, musician, critic, preacher Scivias, Physica, Causae et Curae, Symphonia, Ordo Virtutum

    10. The Morality Play: Everyman Links liturgical and secular drama Allegorical, moralistic Instructs for moral conversion Religious themes Life as a pilgrimage The inevitability of death (memento mori) Faith vs. Free Will Liturgical overtones

    11. Nonliturgical Drama Hroswitha (d. 1000) Wrote in Latin Roman stylistic influences Poetry, legends, plays Theophilus The Conversion of the Harlot Thaďs Heavily moralistic to educate and convert

    12. The Legend of Charlemagne: Song of Roland Charlemagne canonized 1165 Reliquaries and commemoratives Epic poem Charlemagne’s battle with the Basques (778) Chansons de geste, chansons d’histoire Oral tradition, jongleurs Military and religious ideals 11th c. martial virtues and chivalric code Anti-Muslim bias

    14. The Visual Arts: The Illuminated Book Carolingian manuscripts on parchment Gospel Book of Charlemagne Roman styles Dagulf Psalter Carved ivory book covers Carolingian miniscule

    19. Charlemagne’s Palace at Aachen Kingdom modeled on ancient Rome Palace Large royal hall, lavishly decorated Joined to chapel by a long gallery Chapel Church of San Vitale (Ravenna) as model Altar to the Savior (liturgical services) Charlemagne’s Throne Saw himself as a new Solomon

    22. The Carolingian Monastery The Romanesque Style Monastery as “miniature civic center” Center of life for rural populations Large, “Roman-looking” architecture Influenced by travel, expansion Pilgrimages Heavy stone arches Larger, more spacious interiors Fireproof stone and masonry roofs Church of Saint Sernin in Toulouse

    25. The Romanesque Style Exterior decoration (sculpture) Lack of interior light Portal (doorway) Jamb, capital, trumeau Tympanum Church of Sainte Madeleine at Vézelay

    27. Chapter Nine: Discussion Questions Explain the function of the Song of Roland as both religious and political propaganda during the eleventh and twelfth centuries. What values are extolled within the text that would serve religious and political leaders as they shape their culture? Do we, as a culture, subscribe to these same values today? Why or why not? Why was Charlemagne so interested in developing literacy? Explain his motives and methods for establishing schools and supporting scholars. Describe the role of the liturgical trope in the development of drama in the West. For example, how does one begin with the Quem Qućritis trope and arrive at Everyman? Explain the evolution of the art form.

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