Native Americans from Texas

1. Native Americans from Texas By Laurie Hill Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

2. Outline Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

3. Objectives By the end of this power point, I would like my students to be able to… • Understand where the Indians came from first • Understand the different areas of Texas Native Americans lived • Be able to identify the type of food, clothing, and housing the Indians used • Identify unique attributes of certain tribes …in order to make their own PPT! Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

4. The First Americans • It is thought that most Native Americans are descendents from people that crossed over from Asia to America on a land bridge– the Bering Land bridge. • As the world's glaciers and ice sheets melted over the following millennia, rising sea level flooded the land bridge. This picture demonstrates the diminishing of the bridge over thousands of years Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

5. Migration Paths Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

6. Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

7. Migrated from Wyoming Hunters and gatherers Used the horse for their main source of transportation and food-getting “Well dressed” The Comanche leaders often wore fine European clothes, with many silver conchos and fine leather boots. The Comanche Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

8. The Comanche • Lived in tee-pees • Good warriors and traders (although, thieves) • Often spoke more than one language Click here for more important facts Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

9. The Wichita • Semisedentary lifestyle • farms and villages, but also moved around • Fall would migrate west to go on a buffalo hunt • In spring lived in grass huts in villages • grew maize, pumpkins, squash, beans and plums Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

10. Tattoos— “raccoon-eyed people” Wore clothes made of tanned hides Men: shirts, loin cloths and leggings Women: dresses that reached from their chin to their ankles Moccasins Elk teeth were very valuable trade items with neighboring tribes The Wichita Click the picture for more info Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

11. Lived in piney areas of East Texas Grass huts like the Wichitas Farmers corn, beans, squash and other crops Set fires in the woods to burn away clearings to farm Women would gather wild plant food like acorns, black berries Men would travel in hunting parties for buffalo Buffalo robes The Caddo Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

12. Texas is a Caddoan word It means "those who are friends" The Tejas Caddo tribes were all "friends” Made bows and arrows out of bois de arc wood Made axes to cut down trees Beautiful pottery Click the ax for more information The Caddo Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

13. Lets Review! • Where is it thought that the first humans that came to America came from? • Where did the Comanche Indians live? The Wichita? The Caddo? • What kind of house did the Comanches live in? The Wichita? The Caddo? • Which Native Texans were hunter/ gatherers? • Which were farmers? • What does “Tejas” mean? Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

14. “The people of the wolf” Believed descended from mythical wolf Totemic belief system each clan had a mythical animal or spirit to guard them The Tonkawa Click the picture or the wolf on the next slide for more information. Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

15. Tattooed bodies Hill country of central Texas Shared land with the Karankawa and Coahuiltecan Friendly, but enemies with Comanche and Apache tribes Hunted and gathered food Fish, deer, blackberries Lived in huts, wickiups and tee-pees The Tonkawa Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

16. Migrated to Texas from Canada “Apache” is probably Zuni which means “enemy” The Apache and Navajo called themselves the Dine Dine in Apache or Navajo means "the people” Built wickiups and teepees Semi-sedentary Farmed and hunted The Apaches Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

17. Wore leather boots and wide cloth headbands After the horse, stopped farming to hunt Pushed further south by Comanche Two groups: Lipan and Mescaleros Sought refuge in Spanish missions but treated like slaves Geronimo- famous leader of the Mescalero Apaches 1870s- led a famous raid in southern New Mexico and far west Texas The Apaches Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

18. Galveston and Corpus Christi area Food= fish fish fish! Clothing Men: breach cloths or nothing at all Women: grass skirts Lived in wickiups during the winter Got around in canoes Could hold a family and all their possessions The Karankawa Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

19. The Karankawa • Larger than most Native Americans at 6’ • Often unfairly labeled as cannibals Click on the fish for more information on the Karankawa culture Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

20. Many similar groups of Indians in the same area called the Coahuiltican Indians out of convenience South Texas, Eastern Mexico Hunters and gatherers until people started to come to America “Dirty and smelly” Diseases Became extremely poor The Coahuiltecan Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

21. The Coahuiltecan • Wickiups, sometimes • Little clothing, if any • Made sandles out of lechuguilla plants Click the cactus for more info. Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

22. Jumano • West Texas • Farmers • grew corn, beans and squash • grew cotton for clothes and blankets • Adobe houses Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

23. Jumano • Clean and neat • Men shaved their heads except for at the top • Traders • Supposedly naked except for when it was cold- wore blankets Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

24. Lets Review! • What did the Tonkawa Indians call themselves? • Which Native Texans lived in adobe houses? • How did the Karankawa clans get around? • Why were the Coahuiltecan clans “dirty and “smelly”? • What Indian heritage was Geronimo? • What type of homes did the Tonkawa, Apache, Karankawa, Coahuiltecan, and Jumano Indians live in? Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

25. Before you go to the next slide, see if you can remember where these Native Texans lived! When you get to the next slide, try to guess the names in order before you click. Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

26. Caddo Comanche 1 6 7 8 You did it! 5 2 3 4 Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

27. That's All Folks Now that you have learned briefly about Native Americans, you can make your own, more interesting (and more fun) power point! Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/

28. Bibliography(Incomplete) www.texasindians.com http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?keyword=st9%20bering http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/parcs/atlas/beringia/lbridge.html http://instaar.colorado.edu/QGISL/bering_land_bridge/ http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bering_Land_Bridge Indians Who Lived In Texas, Hendrick-Long Publishing, 1981 Moore, Edward R & Texarch Assoc., Texas Indians, http://www.texasindians.com/