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DEVELOPMENT OF COSMECEUTICAL AND PHYTOPHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS FROM LEMPOYANG ( Zingiber zerumbet ) AND TEMU LAWAK ( Curcuma xanthorrhiza ). RM 8 PROJECT 06-02-001BTK/E5/015. INTRODUCTION. Lempoyang ( Zingiber zerumbet ) Zingiberaceae species Yellow rhizome
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DEVELOPMENT OF COSMECEUTICAL AND PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALPRODUCTS FROMLEMPOYANG(Zingiber zerumbet) ANDTEMU LAWAK(Curcuma xanthorrhiza) RM 8 PROJECT 06-02-001BTK/E5/015
INTRODUCTION • Lempoyang (Zingiber zerumbet) • Zingiberaceae species • Yellow rhizome • Appetizer, gastrointestinal disorders • Traditional medicine
Temu Lawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) • Zingiberaceae species • Orange rhizomes • Aromatic/pungent • Ingredient in traditional medicine • Skin diseases
OBJECTIVES • To select source & DNA profiling of variants of lempoyang & temu lawak • To develop processing techniques for production of lempoyang & temu lawak extracts. • Production of sesquiterpenoids &curcuminoids(separation & identification) • To develop value added & scientific documented products for cosmeceutical & phytopharmaceutical • To develop & evaluate cosmeceutical & pharmacogenomic properties of lempoyang & temu lawak extracts.
Sourcing of lempoyang/temu lawak Lempoyang Biasa (KL) 2 Samples Lempoyang Wangi (KL) (Variants) Lempoyang Liar (Penang) 1 Sample - Lempoyang (Pagoh) 1 Sample - Temu Lawak (Pagoh)
Progress of the projectEXPERIMENTAL • Extraction of Z. zerumbet & C.xanthorrhiza using various solvents/techniques Hydrodistillation • Laboratory scale Soxhlet extraction • Pilot scale – EtOH / H2O
RESULT 1 Laboratory scale extraction using 500 g fresh samples.
Rhizomes PE EtOAc EtOH Z. zerumbet 1.25% 10.0% 13.92% C. xanthorrhiza 9.64% 26.95% 28.65% RESULT 2 • Essential Oils • Hydrodistillation (8 – 10 hr) • Soxhlet Extraction (Extraction for 20 hr)
Pilot Scale Extraction Blanching treatment Processing parameter Solvent (EtOH) Time Max yield of C. xanthorrhiza ~ 2% Max yield of Z. zerumbet ~ 3.4%
ANALYSIS Crude essential oil of Z. zerumbet/C. xanthorrhiza VCC ~hexane/PE/Ether FRACTIONS Purification ~ CC, RXS GC and GC-MS PURE COMPONENTS Characterisation - Spectroscopy – UV, IR, NMR, MS CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS STRUCTURES
RESULT 3 Z. Zerumbet Sesquiterpenoid [Zerumbone] ~ 50% of zerumbone TLC Profile for Zerumbone Zerumbone: Rf = 0.45 (PE:Et2O = 4:1) GC: tR = 33.31 min
Identification of Zerumbone IR: max cm-1: 1654.8 (Conjugated C=O), 1386.7 and 1341.7 (gem-dimethyl). 1H NMR (CDCl3): 1.04 (3H, s, H-14), 1.17 (3H, s, H-15), 1.51 (3H, s, H-12), 1.77 (3H, s, H-13), 1.87 (1H, d, J=12.8 Hz, H-11), 2.19-2.44 (5H, m, H-1, H-4 and H-5), 5.22 (1H, bd, J=14.8 Hz), 5.83 (1H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 5.95 (1H, d, J=16.4 Hz), 5.99 (1H, bd, J=12.4 Hz, H-6). 13C NMR (CDCl3): 11.76 (C13), 15.18 (C-12), 24.16 (C-14), 24.36 (C-5), 29.39 (C-15), 37.83 (C-11), 39.40 (C-4), 42.36 (C-1), 124.94 (C-2), 127.11 (C-9), 136.25 (C-3), 137.9 (C-7), 148.84 (C-6), 160.75 (C-10), 204.37 (C-8).
Conjugated C=O -C-H
H-12 H-13 H-15 H-14 H-10 H-1, H-4, H-5 H-9 H-6 H-2 H-1
C-14 C-4 C-5 C-10 C-9 C-1 C-6 C-2 C-11 C-12 C-3 C-15 C-13 C-7 C-8
Temu Lawak / C. xanthorrhiza (Dark brown sticky materials) Separation Liquid form Solid form Fractionation - CC RXS Sesquiterpenoids Curcuminoids
EtOAC extract of C. xanthorrhiza Essential Oil of C. xanthorrhiza Sesquiterpenoids [R-(-)-Xanthorrhizol] Curcuminoids [Curcumin] R-(-)-Xanthorrhizol (~ 50%)
TLC Profile for EtOAC crude extract of C. xanthorrhiza Xanthorrhizol : Rf = 0.43 (PE:Et2O = 4:1) GC: tR = 44.86 min [80-200ºC, 2ºC/min] Curcumin : Rf = 0.62 (CH2Cl2:MeOH = 95:5)
C=C Aromatic C=C C-O -OH -C-H
H-14 H-15 H-12 H-13 H-8 H-5 -OH H-6 H-10 H-7 H-2 H-9
-OH C=O C-O
OMe H-2’ H-2” H-1 H-7 H-2 H-6 H-6’ H-6” H-5’ H-5” H-4
BIOASSAY OF THE EXTRACTS • SKIN WHITENING • Skin whitening using tyrosinase inhibition assay • ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY • Against skin infections related microbes • For preservative potential
Showing potential EXTRACTS Further skin whitening assay Highest potential Fractionation FRACTIONS VLC Skin whitening assay Antimicrobial assay Active Fractions
Isolation of active constituents Identification Chemical Modification Derivatives Assay Bioactive Derivatives
DEVELOPMENT OF COSMECEUTICAL PRODUCTS FROM CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA AND ZINGIBER ZERUMBET Objectives: 1. To evaluate the cosmeceutical properties of extracts of curcuma xanthorrhiza and zingiber zerumbet 2. To develop value added cosmeceutical products using extracts of curcuma xanthorrhiza and zingiber zerumbet 3. To conduct product efficacy and safety study on formulated products
Project Activities 1. Evaluation of cosmeceutical properties of extracts or phytochemicals obtained from temulawak and lempoyang -skin whitening/anti-hyper pigmentation effect (in vitro, tyrosinase inhibition assay) - anti-inflammatory(in vitro, serine protease inhibitory activity - quenching of free radicals(reduction of DPPH) - UV protection (measurement of UVB, UVA absorbance) 2. Preparation of aqueous extracts for biological activity study and for product formulation. - cytotoxicity tests (agar overlay, neutral rate uptake), analysis of heavy metals content and preservative study.
3. Product Formulation. Formulation of skin whitening products such as cleanser, toner and moisturizer for all skin types, oily skin and dry skin. Formulation will be based on aqueous extracts or phytochemicals derived from the two plants 4. Product safety and efficacy study. Cytotoxicity tests, dermal and ocular irritation tests and photo-sensitization test will be conducted on formulated products. Product efficacy study will be carried out through in vitro and in vivo methods (animals/human volunteers). The study on human volunteers will be conducted according to COLIPA protocol.
Progress of Project 1. Sourcing of lempoyang and temulawak form Klang Valley and Pagoh. 2. Preparation of aqueous extract of lempoyang and temulawak for evaluation of its cosmeceutical properties. The extract was centrifuged and filtered to remove solid matter, followed by membrane filtration, evaporation and freeze drying. 3. Preliminary evaluation of cosmeceutical properties such as in vitro tyrosinase inhibition study (for skin whitening and anti-hyper pigmentation effect), in vitro trypsin inhibition study(for anti-inflammatory effect), UV protection and quenching of free radicals for aqueous extract of lempoyang.
Overall expected output: 1. Skin whitening cosmeceutical products such as cleanser, toner and moisturizer utilizing extracts or phyto- chemicals obtained from locally grown lempoyang and temulawak. 2. A patented formula for cosmetic skin whitening compositions based on the combination of plant extracts of lempoyang and temulawak.