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Respiratory Physiology ME Rezvani

Respiratory Physiology ME Rezvani. References. Guyton: last edition Ganong : last edition Berne & Levy: last edition. موضوع جلسات. جلسه اول: اعمال کلی دستگاه تنفس - فیزیولوژی مجاری هوایی

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Respiratory Physiology ME Rezvani

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  1. Respiratory PhysiologyME Rezvani

  2. References • Guyton: last edition • Ganong: last edition • Berne & Levy: last edition

  3. موضوع جلسات جلسه اول: اعمال کلی دستگاه تنفس - فیزیولوژی مجاری هوایی جلسه دوم: مکانیک تنفس - حجمها و ظرفیتهای استاتیک ریه جلسه سوم: حجمهای دینامیک - تهویه ریوی- تهویه حبابچه ای- فضای مرده جلسه چهارم: کومپلیانس ریه - کار تنفس جلسه پنجم: ویژگیهای گردش خون ریوی- اثر نیروی جاذبه بر تهویه، پرفيوژن و نسبت آنها – فشار گازهاي تنفسي در بخشهاي مختلف بدن- شنت فيزيولوژيك جلسه ششم: خود تنظیمی ریوی - تبادل گازها با خون - انتقال اكسيژن جلسه هفتم: - انتقال گاز كربنيك در خون – كنترل تنفس

  4. Blood cell ISF AIR Respiration is a series of integrated processes

  5. The steps of external respiration include: • Pulmonary ventilation • Gas Exchange between air in the lungs and blood in the pulmonary capillaries • Transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood • Gas exchange between the blood in the systemic capillaries and interstitial fluid • The first 2 steps are the functions of Respiratory System

  6. Functional organization of the Respiratory System

  7. The bronchial tree & it's different Zones

  8. Air flow & its types & velocity through the conducting zone (P atm – P alv) • Poiseuill’s law: Air flow = Q or F = ---------------- R • Types (Laminar , Turbulent or intermediate ) depends on: • Reynold’s number: Re=ρDV/η where ρ(rho)=density ,D=diameter , V= velocity & η=viscosity • Re= 2000 is critical • Velocity : • V=F/A where F=Flow & A= cross sectional area

  9. Conducting Zone vs Respiratory Zone • Conducting Zone • 1st 16 airway generations • Trachea to terminal bronchioles • With cartilage (ring or plate) • No gas exchange • Gas transport by Convection • Location of Anatomic Dead Space • To warm humidify and immune of lung • Bronchial circulation • Respiratory Zone • Last 7 airway generations • Respiratory bronchioles to Alveoli • Without cartilage • With suspensory elastic tissue • Gas exchange at Alveolar - Capillary membrane. • Gas transport by Diffusion • Large surface area ( 75 m2 ) • High flow of pulmonary circulation

  10. Lung and vessels

  11. Lung and vessels

  12. The effect of airway's cross sectional area on airway resistance: R≈ L / r4

  13. Lung volume affects airway resistance & conductance airway resistanceis also affected by the density and viscosity of the inspired gas. Adding helium to inspired gas for divers

  14. Neural control of conducting airways

  15. Control of Airway resistance via their Smooth Muscle-1 • Circadian rhythm • Max constriction at 6 A.M. • Max dilation at 6 p.m. • Neural control • sympathetic-beta-2 receptors causing dilatation • Parasympathetic-muscarinic receptors causing constriction • NANC nerves (non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic) • Inhibitory release: VIP and NO  bronchodilatation • Stimulatory release: ATP , CCK or VIP due to physical (especially in larynx and carina) or chemical( in terminal bronchiols and alveoli) stimulation of irritant & chemo receptors and the stimulation of J receptors in the alveolar walls in juxtaposition to the pulmonary capillaries  bronchoconstriction (reflective spasm), mucous secretion, vascular hyperpermeability & vasodilatation (neurogenic inflammation) and cough.

  16. Control of Airway resistance via their Smooth Muscle-2 • Local factors • Bronchoconstrictors • Histamine via H1 receptors • Slow reactive substance of anaphylaxis- allergic response to pollen • Prostaglandin- F series • Environmental pollution • Cold weather stimulation of vague • Bronchodilatators • histamine via H2 receptors • Prostaglandins E series • ↓Po2 & ↑pco2 in inspired air

  17. The mucociliary transport system in the airways:The sol phase or periciliary fluid, The gel phase or mucus layer & cilia Role of Mucociliary system: 1- Lining protection 2- removal of particles CFTR, bacteria and DNA of died monocytes damage to this functions.

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