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The Scramble for Africa: Impact of Imperialism and Resistance in the 19th Century

Explore the era of imperialism in Africa, focusing on the Congo and South Africa. Learn about Livingston and Stanley's expeditions, the Belgian Congo's exploitation of resources, and the role of racism in justifying conquest. Discover the forces driving European colonialism, from economic motives to technological advancements. Dive into the Berlin Conference's impact on Africa's division and resistance against colonial rule, such as the Zulu's defiance in South Africa. Test your knowledge with summary questions on key historical events and concepts.

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The Scramble for Africa: Impact of Imperialism and Resistance in the 19th Century

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  1. Imperialism in Africa

  2. The Congo • Livingston and Stanley • Belgian Congo • Ivory, Gold and Rubber • Greatest source of wealth in minerals

  3. Motives • Racism - Social Darwinism Herbert Spencer’s theory as it related to poor and conquered people • Economic- mostly mineral not agricultural • Political • Exploration • Missionary Impulse

  4. Forces that enabled Conquest • Maxim Machine Gun • Railroad, Steam ships • Cure for Malaria (quinine)

  5. Division • Berlin Conference (1884-1885) • Division based on European needs not African

  6. African leader to Germans “I have listened to your words but can find no reason why I should obey you- I would rather die first… I look for some reason why I should obey you and find not the smallest. If it should be friendship that you desire then I am ready for it, today and always; but to be your subject, that I can not be.”

  7. South Africa • Zulu- organized large central power in South Africa by Shaka • Dutch Settle South Africa-Boers, Afrikaners • British fight the Dutch in the Boer War to take colony • Great Trek- Dutch flee British and move Northward where they clash with Zulu. • Dutch ask for help from British to help defeat Zulu • Boer War- War between Dutch settlers and British. Use of Guerilla and concentration camps. • Total Warfare

  8. Summary Questions • Boers were farmers living in South Africa from what nation? • What is racism? • Who met at the Berlin Conference? • What was Social Darwinism? What did it justify? • What was the greatest source of wealth in Africa? • What portion of Africa did Shaka Organize the Zulu? • What Group of people went on the Great Trek?

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