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United Nations security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security

United Nations security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security. History. On October 31, 2000, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security . Key players in adoption

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United Nations security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security

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  1. United Nations security Council Resolution 1325 on Women, Peace and Security

  2. History On October 31, 2000, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted Resolution 1325 on women, peace and security • Key players in adoption • NGOs, especially women’s NGOs ex. NGO Working Group on Women, International Peace and Security • UN agencies, ex. UNIFEM • Member States on SC, ex. Namibia, Bangladesh, Canada, Jamaica • Historic and Unprecedented • Effectively International Law • 1325 did not come out of nowhere • It was preceded by numerous international documents, treaties and statements

  3. Legal Framework • Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), 1979 • Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 1995 • ECOSOC Agreed Conclusions on Gender Mainstreaming, 1997 • Security Council Presidential Statement (Bangladesh), 8 March 2000 • Windhoek Declaration and the Namibia Plan of Action on Mainstreaming a Gender Perspective in Multidimensional Peace Support Operations, May 2000 • Outcome Doc. Of the UN General Assembly Special Session Women 2000: Gender Equality, Development and Peace for the 21st Century – Beijing +5

  4. What is UN SC Resolution 1325? It is a watershed political framework that makes women –and a gender perspective relevant to all aspects of peace processes- from peace agreements through peace support operations and planning for refugee, IDP’s and other war affected to post-conflict reconstruction processes and the restoration of the social fabric of a broken society. Resolution 1325 makes the pursuit of gender equality relevant to every single action of the UN SC ranging from Mine Clearance to Elections to Demobilisation, Disarmament, Reintegration & Security Sector Reform.

  5. What Does Resolution 1325 Mean in Practice? • Resolution 1325 is a validation of over 20 years of women’s struggles, advocacy and persistent lobbying • It is a political framework that provides a number of operational mandates with implications for the following actors: Policy makers, decision-takers, programmers and funding components.

  6. Actors • Security Council • Secretary General • Member States • Humanitarian Agencies • The Military • Researchers

  7. It can be used as a Tool for: • Demanding political accountability and the protection of rights • Advocacy and lobbying • Negotiation • Leverage • Inclusion and representation in Peace Processes

  8. How is Resolution 1325 Constructed? It calls upon all relevant actors to take action in five interrelated areas elaborated in 18 paragraphs Paragraphs 1-4 deals with women’s participation and representation in decision-making levels in all aspects of peace processes, including in peacekeeping and other field based operations Paragraphs 6 & 7 deal with gender sensitive training, materials and guidelines for HIV/AIDS and the funding of training for all staff employed on peacekeeping missions Paragraphs 8 – 12 deal with the protection of women’s human rights and the right to redress

  9. Paragraph 13 addresses disarmament, demobilisation, reintegration and differences in women and men’s needs Paragraph 14 addresses humanitarian needs and protection issues Paragraph 15 expresses the SC’s willingness to consider gender considerations and women’s rights through consultation with local women’s groups during their various field missions. Paragraphs 16 & 17 deal with Gender Mainstreaming in UN reporting

  10. Key Commitments Made in UN SC Resolution 1325 Inclusion of a Gender Perspective at All Levels of Decision-Making Gender Perspective in SG Reports and in SC Missions Protection of and Respect for Human Rights of Women and Girls Gender Perspective in Post-Conflict Processes Gender Perspective in Peacekeeping

  11. Inclusion of a Gender Perspective at All Levels of Decision-Making UN SC Resolution 1325 calls for MORE: • Women at all decision-making levels in national, regional and international institutions and mechanisms for the prevention, management and resolution of conflict. • Women as Special Representatives (head of peacekeeping mission) and envoys of the Secretary-General • Women as military observers, civilian police, human rights and humanitarian personnel

  12. Protection of and Respect for Human Rights of Women and girls UNSC Resolution Calls for: • Respect for international law, as applicable to women and girls • Special measures to protect women and girls from gender-based violence and other forms of violence in situations of armed conflict • An end to impunity, including for those responsible for committing sexual violence against women and girls • Respect for the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps • The integration of the particular needs of women and girls into the design of refugee camps

  13. Gender Perspective in Peacekeeping UN SC Resolution 1325 Calls for: • Senior level gender advisor/gender units • Gender Training of all peacekeeping personnel pre-deployment (responsibility of member state)

  14. Gender Perspective in Post-Conflict Processes UN SC Resolution 1325 Calls for: • The adoption of a gender perspective in Demobilization, Disarmament, Repatriation, Resettlement and Reintegration (DDRRR), and post-conflict reconstruction • The consideration of the different needs of female and male ex-combatants • Respect for the civilian and humanitarian character of refugee camps

  15. Gender Perspective in Secretary General reports and in security Council missions UN SC Resolution 1325 Calls for: • The SG to carry out a study on the impact of armed conflict on women and girls, the role of women in peace-building and the gender dimensions of peace processes • The SG to report on progress in gender mainstreaming in peacekeeping missions in all of his reports to the SC • The integration of gender considerations and the rights of women in SC missions • SC members’ consultation with women’s groups and organizations while on mission

  16. UN SC Resolution 1325: Strengths • AS a Security Council Resolution: • Article 25 of the UN Charter: “The members of the United nations agree to accept and carry out the decisions of the Security Council in accordance with the present Charter” Global Constituency: • Grassroots organizations, international NGOs • UN • Governments • Academics • Active collaboration across sectors It does not stand alone – Holistic perspective • Other Security Council Resolutions • General Assembly Resolutions • CEDAW (1979) • Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (1995) • European Parliament Resolution on participation of women in peaceful conflict resolution (2000) • G8 Rome Initiatives on conflict prevention: Strengthening the role of women in conflict prevention (2001) • Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the rights of women in Africa (2003) • Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC)

  17. UNSC 1325: Challenges • Weak Language • As compared to other resolutions, i.e. Counter-Terrorism Resolution (1373) UN SC Res. 1325: express, emphasizes, requests UN SC Res. 1373: decides, directs, declares • Absence of mechanisms for monitoring and reporting on implementation • Absence of quotas, time-bound targets (unlike European Parliament Resolution on participation of women in peaceful conflict resolution) • Lack of Political Will among Member-States and within UN System • Gender still not a politicized issue for many UN member states, remains a “soft issue” • Women as victims vs. Active agents • Resistance of budgetary actors to allocate funding for gender programming

  18. People don’t know it exists • UN, government, civil society • Example of lack of systematic information flow between UN Headquarters and field • Translations needed • Only 1 of approximately 50 Special Representatives of the SG or Special Envoys on peacekeeping operations is a woman (Georgia). There are 4 women deputy heads in peacekeeping missions: (Guatemala, DRC, Ethiopia and Eritrea) • 30% quota target for women in UN system set out for 2005 is not on track • Rape and other forms of sexual violence and gender-based violence systematic, and widespread in today’s armed conflicts: • DRC: Rape as a systematic tool of warfare • Iraq: Rise in reported cases of kidnapping, rape, trafficking

  19. To-date, only 5 peacekeeping missions have had staff working directly on gender issues (East Timor, Kosovo, DRC, Cote d’Ivore and Sierra Leone) • These gender units continue to be understaffed and weak, as a result of a lack of mandate authority • Cote d’Ivoire: a UN Volunteer is the only staff member working on gender issues from within the Human Rights Unit. • While Gender training is compulsory for peacekeepers, its integration relies on the political will of each mission head. • Needs and voices of the dependants of ex-combatants frequently ignored and marginalized, respectively • “Wives” of Ugandan rebels –Lords Resistance Army- What happens to them? • Refugee women and girls continue to experience sexual and gender based violence in refugee camps and settlements, forced to trade sex for humanitarian supplies • Continued poor record of SC consultation with women’s organizations while on mission

  20. UN SC Resolution 1325: Models for Implementation • Civil Society • DRC: Using 1325 as a toll in preparation for and at Inter-Congolese Dialogue in Sun City, South Africa • Internally displaced women in Colombia, Gender and Peacebuilding Working Group in Canada • WILPF Australia: 1325 as priority for education and action – http://www.1325australia.org.au • UN • Inter-Agency Taskforce on Women, Peace and Security • Gender Unit of the Peacekeeping Mission in DRC (MONUC) • UNIFEM Women, War and Peace Web Portal: www.womenwarpeace.org

  21. Government • Friends of 1325: a UN member states’ coalition (Germany as member) • Netherlands: joint working group of Ministries of Foreign Affairs and Defence on Implementation of 1325 (2002) – released report on status of implementation • US Congresswoman Eddie Bernice Johnson US House Congressional Resolution 432 – on 1325 and women, peace and security - • Collaboration Across Sectors • Coalition 1325, Azerbaijan (UNIFEM Supported)

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