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Participles

Participles. Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 5b. What is a Participle?. Verbal adjective (part verb, part adjective) Part Adjective… must agree with the noun in case, number, and gender Part Verb…

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Participles

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  1. Participles Latin II Grammar Review: Lesson 5b

  2. What is a Participle? • Verbal adjective (part verb, part adjective) • Part Adjective… • must agree with the noun in case, number, and gender • Part Verb… • takes same objects regular verb does (direct and indirect objects, predicate nominatives and adjectives)

  3. Forming Present Active Participles Present Active Participle: • 1st & 2nd Conjugation: Present Stem + -ns • 3rd & 4th Conjugation: Present Stem + -ens Translation: • Meaning of verb w/ -ing • Running, fighting, walking, etc.

  4. Present Active Participles • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amans = loving • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habens = having • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • ponens = placing • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • audiens = hearing

  5. Declining Present Active Participles • Decline the present participle just like a third declension noun: ---- -es -is -ium -i -ibus -em -es -e -ibus

  6. Declining Present Active Participles • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um Singular Plural Nominative: amansamantes (amanta) Genitive: amantisamantium Dative: amantiamantibus Accusative:amantem (amans) amantes (amanta) Ablative: amanteamantibus

  7. Translating Present Active Participles • Nominative: the loving one(s) • Genitive: of the loving one(s) • Dative: to/for the loving one(s) • Accusative: the loving one(s) • Ablative: by/with the loving one(s) • Translation often determined by the use of the participle in context

  8. Forming Perfect Passive Participles • Form: 4th Principle Part • Translation: having been... • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amatus = having been loved • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habitus = having been had • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • positus = having been placed • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • auditus = having been heard

  9. Declining Perfect Passive Participles • Decline the perfect passive participle just like 1st/2nd declension nouns: Feminine Masculine/Neuter -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a -ae -arum -i -orum -ae -īs -ō -īs -am -as -um -os/-a -ā -īs -ō -īs

  10. Declining Perfect Passive Participles • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um Feminine Masculine/Neuter auditaauditaeauditus(um)auditi(a) auditaeauditarumauditiauditorum auditaeauditīsauditōauditīs auditamauditasauditumauditos(a) auditāauditīsauditōauditīs

  11. Translating Perfect Passive Participles • Nominative: the having been heard one(s) • Genitive: of the having been heard one(s) • Dative: to/for the having been heard one(s) • Accusative: the having been heard one(s) • Ablative: by/with the having been heard one(s) • Translation often determined by the use of the participle in context

  12. Forming Future Active Participles • Form: 4th P.P. + -urus – a, um • Translation: about to.../ going to… • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amaturus = about to love • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habiturus = about to hold • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • positurus = about to place • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • auditurus = about to hear

  13. Declining Future Active Participles • Decline the future active participle just like 1st/2nd declension nouns: Feminine Masculine/Neuter -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a -ae -arum -i -orum -ae -īs -ō -īs -am -as -um -os/-a -ā -īs -ō -īs

  14. Declining Future Active Participles • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um Feminine Masculine/Neuter audituraaudituraeauditurus(um)audituri(a) audituraeauditurarumaudituriauditurorum audituraeauditurīsauditurōauditurīs audituramauditurasauditurumaudituros(a) auditurāauditurīsauditurōauditurīs

  15. Translating Future Active Participles • Nominative: the one(s) about to hear • Genitive: of the one(s) about to hear • Dative: to/for one(s) about to hear • Accusative: the one(s) about to hear • Ablative: by/with the one(s) about to hear • Translation often determined by the use of the participle in context

  16. Future Passive Participle Future Passive Participle: • 1st & 2nd Conjugation: Present Stem + -ndus • 3rd & 4th Conjugation: Present Stem + -endus Translation: • To be… (similar to passive infinitive) • To be run, to be fought, to be walked, etc. • Not typically translated in isolation • See Passive Periphrastic

  17. Future Passive Participle • amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um • amandus = the one to be loved • habeo, habēre, habui, habitus – a, um • habendus = the one to be had • pono, ponere, posui, positus – a, um • ponendus = the one to be placed • audio, audīre, audivi, auditus – a, um • audiendus = the one to be heard

  18. Future Passive Participle • Decline the future passive participle just like 1st/2nd declension nouns: Feminine Masculine/Neuter -a -ae -us/-um -i/-a -ae -arum -i -orum -ae -īs -ō -īs -am -as -um -os/-a -ā -īs -ō -īs

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