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Chapter 4 Review

Chapter 4 Review. Formation of Compounds. Ionic Bonds Two elements combine by transfer of electrons. Usually a metal and a nonmetal #of ions involved depends upon the charge on each ion Made of a metal ion and a nonmetal ion. (Easiest way to identify them.) Particles called Formula Units.

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Chapter 4 Review

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  1. Chapter 4 Review Formation of Compounds

  2. Ionic Bonds Two elements combine by transfer of electrons. Usually a metal and a nonmetal #of ions involved depends upon the charge on each ion Made of a metal ion and a nonmetal ion. (Easiest way to identify them.) Particles called Formula Units. Covalent Bonds Two or more elements share electrons There are no charges on either atom. Two or more atoms may be shared. Composed of two or more non metal elements. (Easiest way to identify them.) Particles called Molecules. Two ways to form compounds

  3. Properties of Compounds and the elements that compose them. • Elements may have vastly different properties than the compounds they make. • Be able to give an example of a compound and it’s elements and the properties of each. (It doesn’t matter which one you choose to use) • Be able to give some characteristic properties of ionic and covalent compounds. • Be able to draw an “ionic” Lewis dot diagram and a “covalent” Lewis dot diagram.

  4. Ionic Bonding and Noble Gas Structure • Be able to give the element’s Lewis dot structure and tell what the ion will look like. (I.e. Na , atom. Na+1, ion. The ion will have the Noble Gas structure of Ne ) • Be able to draw the Lewis equation for the formation of an ionic compound. (I.e. Na + Cl [Na]+ + [ Cl ]-

  5. Covalent Compounds and Noble Gas Structure • Carbon and Oxygen form CO2 • C + O + O O C O • Notice that charges are NEVER drawn on covalent compounds and that the electrons next to any element make that element “feel” as if those electrons were part of it. • Where 2 electrons are shared, a single bond is formed. • Where 4 electrons are shared, a double bond is formed • What do you think the sharing of 6 electrons between elements would be called? • Try drawing the Lewis structure for N2

  6. Does your Nitrogen Molecule Look like this? N N Another way to show this molecule is with a structural formula. N N Each line represents the sharing of 2 electrons. There are no electrons shown so the 2 on the outside can’t be seen in this type of drawing.

  7. What each particle experiences. • Carbon and Oxygen form CO2 • C + O + O O C O The oxygen in the box “feels” like the 8 electrons closest to it are part of it. Draw the CO2 molecule on the right and circle the 8 electrons the Carbon “feels” belong to it. Do the same for the oxygen atom on the right side of the molecule.

  8. The Nitrogen Molecule N N On the Nitrogen molecule that you drew, circle the 8 electrons the Nitrogen on the right “feel” belong to it. Do the same for the Nitrogen on the left. Can you see that they both “share” the same 6 electrons between them and each still “feels” as if it had and octet of electrons?

  9. Diatomic Molecules • There are 7 elements that are always found as diatomic gasses. Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, and Iodine. • Write the Lewis structures and the Structural formulas for these 7 molecules. • H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2

  10. H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 H : H would be the Lewis dot structure. H-H is the structural formula for the hydrogen molecule. (Why is this a molecule?) We’ve done nitrogen, so let’s move on the Oxygen and the others. O::O is the Lewis dot structure and O=O is the structural formula. The halogens are basically all alike with their 7 valence electrons. :Cl:Cl: is the Lewis dot structure for a Chlorine molecule and Cl-Cl is the structural formula. : : : :

  11. The other diatomic molecules • Draw the Lewis and structural formulas for Fluorine, Bromine and Iodine. • These are all elements that are part of a group called the________________. • These elements are all ___________________ which are found above and to the right of the zig-zag line. • The fact that they are nonmetals easily identifies them as ___________________ or ________________ compounds. • In the type of compound, electrons are___________. • The particles in this type of compound are known as ____________________. Halogens Non-metals molecular covalent Shared molecules

  12. Ionic Compounds • Ionic compounds are made of a __________ and a ______________. That is one way to identify them. • In an ionic compound, electrons are ____________ from one atom to another. • The particles of an ionic compound are called._____________________. metal Non-metal transferred Formula units

  13. Test on Chapter 4 and Lab Report • The TEST on Chapter 4 will be tomorrow. We will take the first 10-15 minutes for any questions. • The Lab Report for the Zn and I2 lab will be due one week after the lab. • Assignment for after the test: Read pages 153 to 169 and do the section review on page 169.

  14. After the test…. • When we have a test, many people do not finish at the same time. • When you are finished and have turned in your paper, the automatic assignment is to read the next chapter. • Chapter 5 may have to be read 2 times in order for you to gain full understanding of the concepts presented there. So, before attempting any questions, read it first.

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