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Chapter 4 Review

Chapter 4 Review. Pg 110-111. solids Solid: state of matter that has a definite shape and volume Particles of a solid are very close together Each particle is closely locked in position and can only vibrate in place Liquids

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Chapter 4 Review

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  1. Chapter 4 Review

  2. Pg 110-111 solids Solid: state of matter that has a definite shape and volume Particles of a solid are very close together Each particle is closely locked in position and can only vibrate in place Liquids Liquid: state of matter that has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container Particles in liquid collide with and slide past each other but remain close together Matter: moving particles States of matter: physical forms of a substance States of matter depend on the motion of particles Matter is made up of tiny particles called atoms and molecules The way particles interact with each other also helps determine the state of matter

  3. Pg 114-115 Energy and changes of state • A change of state is the change of substance from one physical form to another. The changes are physical changes instead of chemical changes. Such as water changes from a liquid to a solid an so on. The particles also have different amount of energy where the substance states. For example, liquid’s have more energy than ice. To change states you must remove energy and add energy. • A change of state requires a loss or gain of energy by a substance’s particles • Melting is the change from a solid to a liquid and freezing is the change from a liquid to a solid.

  4. Pg 116-117 • Evaporation: change of state from a liquid to gas • Evaporation can happen at the surface of a liquid • Boiling is the change of a liquid to vapor, or gas throughout the liquid, the temperature at which this happens is called the boiling point • When water is heated to 100 degrees Celsius molecular motion increases until large groups of water molecules overcome the attractive forces between them • Condensation: change of state from gas to liquid • Condensation and evaporation are the reverse of each other • Condensation point: the point at which gas becomes a liquid • For gas to become a liquid, large numbers of particles must clump together

  5. Pg Gases Plasmas A state of matter with no definite volume or shape Particles of gas have little attraction between them Particles move freely and collide randomly with each other Amount of empty space between them can change The greater amount f empty space between the particles makes the vol. of gas larger Sun and stars are made up of mostly plasma Plasma: state of matter with no definite shape or volume and particles that have broken apart More than 99% of matter in universe is plasma Plasmas can conduct electricity current Electric and magnet fields affect plasmas On Earth, natural plasmas are found in lightning and fire

  6. Pg 118 Sublimation: solid to gas • Sublimation is the change of state in which a solid changes directly to a gas. • The particles of the substance must go from very tightly packed to being spread far. • It must gain energy to overcome their attractions. Temperature and changes of state • When substances lose or gain energy, the temperature changes or its state changes. • When a substance is changing their state, its temperature does not change until its complete.

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