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Unit 8A: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation

Dive into the complexities of motivation and emotion, exploring concepts like instinct, drives, incentives, hunger physiology, sexual motivation, and more. Uncover the psychology behind behaviors and disorders, such as eating disorders and obesity, while delving into sexual orientation and adolescent sexuality.

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Unit 8A: Motivation and Emotion: Motivation

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  1. Unit 8A:Motivation and Emotion: Motivation

  2. Unit Overview • Motivational Concepts • Hunger • Sexual Motivation • The Need to Belong Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.

  3. Introduction • Motivation

  4. Motivational Concepts

  5. Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology • Instinct (fixed pattern) • Instincts in animals • Instincts in humans

  6. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  7. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  8. Drives and Incentives • Drive-reduction theory • Homeostasis • Need • Drive • Drive reduction

  9. Drives and Incentives • Incentive • Positive and negative

  10. Optimum Arousal • Arousal • Optimum level of arousal

  11. A Hierarchy of Motives • Maslow’s hierarchy of needs • Variations in the hierarchy

  12. A Hierarchy of Motives

  13. A Hierarchy of Motives

  14. A Hierarchy of Motives

  15. A Hierarchy of Motives

  16. A Hierarchy of Motives

  17. A Hierarchy of Motives

  18. A Hierarchy of Motives

  19. Hunger

  20. The Physiology of Hunger • Contractions of the stomach • Washburn study

  21. The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the Brain • Glucose • Insulin • Hypothalamus • Lateral hypothalamus • orexin • Vetromedial hypothalamus

  22. The Physiology of HungerBody Chemistry and the Brain • Appetite hormones • Ghrelin • Obestatin • PYY • Leptin • Set point • Basal metabolic rate

  23. The Psychology of HungerTaste Preferences: Biology and Culture • Taste preferences • Genetic: sweet and salty • Neophobia • Adaptive taste preferences

  24. The Psychology of HungerEating Disorders • Eating disorders • Anorexia nervosa • Bulimia nervosa • Binge-eating disorder

  25. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  26. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  27. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  28. Level of Analysis for Our Hunger Motivation

  29. Obesity and Weight Control • Historical explanations for obesity • Obesity • Definition • Statistics • Obesity and life expectancy

  30. Obesity

  31. Obesity

  32. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Social Effects of Obesity • Social effects of obesity • Weight discrimination • Psychological effects of obesity

  33. Weight Discrimination

  34. Weight Discrimination

  35. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of Obesity • Fat Cells

  36. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of Obesity • Set point and metabolism

  37. Obesity and Weight ControlThe Physiology of Obesity • The genetic factor • The food and activity factor • Sleep loss • Social influence • Food consumption and activity level

  38. Obesity and Weight ControlLosing Weight • Realistic and moderate goals • Success stories • Attitudinal changes

  39. Sexual Motivation

  40. The Physiology of SexThe Sexual Response Cycle • Sexual response cycle • Excitement phase • Plateau phase • Orgasm • Resolution phase • Refractory period

  41. The Physiology of SexHormones and Sexual Behavior • Effects of hormones • Development of sexual characteristics • Activate sexual behavior • Estrogen • Testosterone

  42. The Psychology of Sex • External stimuli • Imagined stimuli • Dreams • Sexual fantasies

  43. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  44. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  45. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  46. Levels of Analysis for Sexual Motivation

  47. Adolescent SexualityTeen Pregnancy • Ignorance • Minimal communication about birth control • Guilt related to sexual activity • Alcohol use • Mass media norms of unprotected promiscuity

  48. Adolescent SexualitySexually Transmitted Infections • Statistics of STIs • Teen abstinence • High intelligence • Religious engagement • Father presence • Participation in service learning programs • xxx

  49. Sexual Orientation • Sexual orientation • Homosexual orientation • Heterosexual orientation • Sexual orientation statistics

  50. Sexual OrientationOrigins of Sexual Orientation • Origins of sexual orientation studies • Fraternal birth order effect • Same-sex attraction in animals • The brain and sexual orientation • Genes and sexual orientation • Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation

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