3 rd Declension Nouns (Lesson 40)

1. 3rd Declension Nouns(Lesson 40) Latin II Dec. 2-6, 2013

2. Third Declension Nouns! • Latin has 5 declensions of nouns. • Declensions are groups of nouns which share the same endings.

3. 3rd declension nouns • Third declension is the largest declension of nouns! • Third declension includes masculine, feminine, and neuter nouns, plus a sub-group called “i-stem nouns.” • Both masculine and feminine 3rd declension nouns use the same chart.

4. 3rd declension nouns • Third declension nouns are identified by the –is ending in the genitive singular. pax, pacis(f.) lex, legis (f.) salus, salutis (f.) dux, ducis (m.) -is

5. 3rd Declension Endings Singular Plural --- -ēs Nominative* Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative -is -um -i -ibus -em -ēs -e -ibus * There are several nominative endings, so they’re not listed on the chart. Whatever the first form of the word is in your vocabulary list…that’s the nominative.

6. Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: pax,pacis, f. peace Often the stem Has a different spelling Than the nominative! Nominativesingular Gender Meaning Genitive singular pacis– is =pac Noun Stem

7. Let’s Find Stems for 3rd Declension! • dux, ducis • homo, hominis • lex, legis • miles, militis • pax, pacis • salus, salutis • duc- • homin- • leg- • milit- • pac- • salut-

8. Let’s Find Stems for 3rd Declension! • dux, ducis • homo, hominis • lex, legis • miles, militis • pax, pacis • salus, salutis • duc- • homin- • leg- • milit- • pac- • salut-

9. Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative dux duc Note that the lovely nominative form will appear once on the chart, then disappear…like a briefly-lived bug.  duc duc duc duc duc duc duc duc ibus ibus dux, ducis (m.) e es is em es i um

10. Your Turn! • Decline any 1 of your third declension vocabulary nouns on the whiteboard.

11. Nouns and Adjectives • The adjectives you have learned thus far are called “1st/2nd declension adjectives” • bonus, bona, bonum • Therefore, they do not use 3rd declension endings!

12. bonus, bona, bonum Nom. bonusboni Gen.bonibonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonumbonos Abl. bonobonis Masculine forms use 2nd declension endings. Nom. bonabonae Gen.bonaebonarum Dat. bonaebonis Acc. bonambonas Abl. bonābonis Feminine forms use 1st declension endings. Nom. bonum bona Gen.bonibonorum Dat. bono bonis Acc. bonum bona Abl. bonobonis Neuter forms use 2nd declension neuter endings.

13. Nouns and Adjectives • But what if you need to use a 1st/2nd declension adjectiveto describe a 3rd declension noun?!?!

14. Nouns and Adjectives • Remember our old abbreviation G-N-C? • Nouns and adjectives agree in gender, number, and case. • They DO NOT have to agree in declension! • This means: often nouns and adjectives have endings that AGREE but AREN’T SPELLED the same way.

15. Nouns and Adjectives • Let’s say we want to decline the pair of words “a good law.” • lex, legis (f.)---law • bonus, BONA, bonum---good • So, a good law is a “lex bona” • Let’s see what it looks like…

16. Lex Bona Nom. lex bona legesbonae Gen. legisbonaelegumbonarum Dat. legibonaelegibusbonis Acc. legembonamlegesbonas Abl. legebonālegibusbonis Singular Plural

17. Your Turn! • Decline “paxmagna” on a single chart on the whiteboard. • Decline “dux bonus” on a single chart on the whiteboard. “Dux” is masculine so “bonus” is masculine---use 2nd declension endings on “bonus.”

18. Your Turn! • Decline “paxaequa” on a single chart • Complete WB Ex. “C” pages 147-148 • Add it to your declension practice from yesterday!

19. Practice! • Complete textbook page 282, Ex. A • Write the LATIN and ENGLISH • Add to your previous exercises and turn in everything to the box.  Gratias!