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OUTCOMES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1795

OUTCOMES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1795. Peter McPhee University of Melbourne. 20 June 1789 - Jacques-Louis David. 14 July 1789 - Bastille. ‘Grande Peur’ July-August. 4 August 1789. THE DREAM OF FREEDOM, 1789 The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen

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OUTCOMES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1795

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  1. OUTCOMES OF THE FRENCH REVOLUTION 1789-1795 Peter McPhee University of Melbourne

  2. 20 June 1789 - Jacques-Louis David

  3. 14 July 1789 - Bastille

  4. ‘Grande Peur’ July-August

  5. 4 August 1789

  6. THE DREAM OF FREEDOM, 1789 • The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen • The August Decrees

  7. 1. absolute monarchy → constitutional monarchy divine right → popular sovereignty • 2. privilege → civil equality in taxes, law, beliefs • 3. hierarchy of birth → merit, talent • 4. partial abolition of feudalism • ‘cahiers de doléances’

  8. Return from Versailles, 6 October

  9. THE REMAKING OF FRANCE, 1789-1791 • Resolving problems: bankruptcy and political power • Remaking public life: (a) administration (b)customs & measures (c)state taxes (d)justice

  10. Malcolm Crook, Elections in the French Revolution: An Apprenticeship in Democracy, 1789-1799 (Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996). • Woloch, Isser, The New Regime: Transformations of the French Civic Order, 1789-1820s (New York: W.W. Norton, 1994).

  11. SOURCES OF TENSION AND CONFLICT, 1791-1792 • The Civil Constitution of the Clergy, July 1790 • The king’s flight, 20-25 June 1791 • The ‘massacre on the Champ de Mars’, 17 July 1791 • Revolt in St Domingue (Haiti), August 1791 • The origins of the war of 20 April 1792 • A second revolution, 10 August 1792

  12. Nigel Aston, Religion and Revolution in France, 1780-1804 (Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 2000).

  13. Varennes

  14. Timothy Tackett, When the King took Flight (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003).

  15. Saint-Domingue August 1791

  16. 10 August 1792

  17. ‘sans-culottes’

  18. D. THE RISE AND FALL OF THE TERROR, 1793-1794 • The summer of 1793 • The meaning of “Terror” • Emergency measures • The Terror’s achievements by the end of 1793 • The debate over the Terror’s purpose • The collapse: June-July 1794

  19. Vendée

  20. ‘Levée en masse’ – August 1793

  21. David Andress, The Terror: Civil War in the French Revolution (London: Little, Brown, 2005). • Peter R. Campbell, Thomas E. Kaiser and Marisa Linton (eds). Conspiracy in the French Revolution (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2007).

  22. 10 August 1793

  23. Societies of Friends of the Constitution/ Jacobin Clubs

  24. ‘deChristianisation’

  25. Executions 1793-94

  26. Fleurus – 26 June

  27. 28 July/10 Thermidor

  28. E. THE ‘SETTLEMENT’ OF 1795 • The ‘Thermidorian Reaction’ after 9 Thermidor • The last sans-culottes challenge: April-May 1795 (Germinal-Prairial year III) • The Constitution of 1795: back to 1791?

  29. Boissy d’Anglas May 1795

  30. 1. absolute monarchy → constitutional monarchy (republic to 1802) divine right → popular sovereignty • 2. privilege → civil equality in taxes, law, beliefs • 3. hierarchy of birth → merit, talent • ‘cahiers de doléances’

  31. F. A SOCIAL REVOLUTION? “Minimalism” and “Maximalism” • A land of manual work • Slaves • The countryside • The status of women

  32. Jeremy D. Popkin,You Are All Free: the Haitian Revolution and the Abolition of Slavery (2011).

  33. Saint-Domingue 1791 1794 1802 1804 Haiti

  34. Insisting in May 1791 that the community would pay no more seigneurial dues unless the seigneur produced the evidence of his titles, the mayor of Villeseque, the blacksmith François Séguy, declared that: “it is unjust to give blindly and immediately the subsistence of a miserable family, the work of our arms, and even our sweat, to someone to whom we don’t know we are obliged. Our ancestors, too simple and ignorant, would have given everything and would have submitted to anything these gentlemen required of them, but in the present century this simpleness and this ignorance no longer exist, wickedness has been destroyed, justice punishes it.” (cited by Peter McPhee, Revolution and Environment in Southern France: Peasant, Lords, and Murder in the Corbières, 1780-1830, Oxford, 1999, pp. 215-6)

  35. The Baron de Bouisse: ‘I have cherished and I still cherish the people of Fraïsse as I have cherished my own children; they were so sweet and so honest in their way, but what a sudden change has taken place among them. All I hear now is corvée, lanternes, démocrates, aristocrates, words which for me are barbaric and which I can’t use. ... the former vassals believe themselves to be more powerful than Kings.’ • (McPhee, Revolution and Environment in Southern France, p. 60)

  36. John Markoff, The Abolition of Feudalism: Peasants, Lords, and Legislators in the French Revolution (University Park, Pa: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996).

  37. ‘la maraîchère’

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