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The French Revolution 1789-1815

The French Revolution 1789-1815. Causes. Existence of class distinctions Enlightenment- shouldn’t we all be equal? Seven Years’ War – causes bankruptcy Financial mismanagement by the King Monarchy out of touch with most of French citizens Population growth Bad winter = high bread prices.

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The French Revolution 1789-1815

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  1. The French Revolution1789-1815

  2. Causes • Existence of class distinctions • Enlightenment- shouldn’t we all be equal? • Seven Years’ War – causes bankruptcy • Financial mismanagement by the King • Monarchy out of touch with most of French citizens • Population growth • Bad winter = high bread prices

  3. Events of the Revolution • Old Regime-existence of three estates whose political and economic rights were based on birth and rank, rather than merit • Louis XVI sought financial advice to help France’s poor economy; all the same – tax the first and second estates

  4. Estates General • Louis is forced to call a meeting of the Estates General in 1789 • King wanted the tax plan to pass • Problem: Voting • Wanted to vote as individuals, not estates

  5. National Assembly Formed • National Assembly- the third estate; replaced the Estates General and promised to write a new constitution for France

  6. King Reacts • He brought in troops to Paris • People react by storming the Bastille • July 14, 1789

  7. Great Fear • Great Fear- reaction in country side by peasants to rumors nobles were coming to destroy them; peasants destroyed nobles’ homes and financial records of money the peasants owed

  8. Changes • August 1789, National Assembly voted: 1. no more tithe 2. no more privileges to the 1st and 2nd Estates

  9. Declaration of the Rights of Man • Men are born equal and remain equal before the law. Also granted freedoms of speech, press, religion and a fair trial. This did not include women

  10. National Assembly: 1789-1791 • Divided France into 83 equal districts • Seized church land and sold it off to pay national debt • Civil Constitution of the Clergy- govt. controlled the church; people elect clergy and state would pay their salary – Pope said no!

  11. Created a constitutional monarchy Three branches of government like in U.S.; executive, judicial and legislative Legislative= unicameral National Assembly is dissolved and the Legislative Assembly replaces it Reality: wealthy who have the most power in the L.A. Constitution of 1791

  12. Behind the Scenes • The king plotted with the nobles who had fled France at the beginning of the Revolution to get help from foreign countries to overthrow the new government • After Louis tried to flee, French people no longer trust him and now want, and get a republic.

  13. Foreign Problems • Declaration of Pillnitz- issued by Austria and Prussia called European rulers to help restore Louis XVI back to power • Louis wanted war – hoped the foreign powers would win!

  14. Government, part III • 1792- the National Convention replaced the Legislative Assembly and they declared France an official republic

  15. Girondins • Political party in the National Convention that were mostly from the countryside, were middle class and feared a Paris dominated France • Opposed to so much violence Pierre Brissot – leader of the Girondists

  16. Jacobins • More radical and extremists of the National Convention • Soon took power away from the Girondins

  17. Committee of Public Safety (yup, a vocab word) • Created by the National Convention • Directed the army • Set up a revolutionary tribunal to try all “enemies of the Revolution”

  18. Democracy Nationalism Questioning the authority of kings, priests and nobles Increased political power of ‘the people”= bourgeoisie Abolished the three estates Possible to reorganize a society if you want to Inspires other democratic revolutions throughout the world Results of the French Revolution

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