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Africa

Africa. Unit 7 . The Land. Plateaus, Highlands, Mountains Escarpments – steep, jagged slope or cliff Cataracts – towering waterfalls The Great Rift Valley Large crack in Earth ’ s surface Faults – fractures in the Earth ’ s crust. Water Systems. Land of Lakes Lake Victoria - Largest

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Africa

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  1. Africa Unit 7

  2. The Land • Plateaus, Highlands, Mountains • Escarpments – steep, jagged slope or cliff • Cataracts – towering waterfalls • The Great Rift Valley • Large crack in Earth’s surface • Faults – fractures in the Earth’s crust

  3. Water Systems • Land of Lakes • Lake Victoria - Largest • A Lake Meets many Needs • Explain the importance of Lake Volta. • River Basins • Niger River – transportation for tourists • Delta – a triangular section of land formed by sand • Estuary- freshwater meets saltwater • Daunting Physical Barriers • Explain why travel from north Africa to Central Africa was deemed difficult. • Explain why travel from West Africa to Central Africa was deemed difficult.

  4. Natural Resources • Africa is known for its many natural resources, from precious metals (gold) to oil.

  5. Climate and Vegetation • Tropical rain forest • Crops and Cutting a Cost • Explain why agriculture is causing a threat to the rain forest? • Savanna • Covers most of the continent

  6. Dry Climate • Steppe • Desertification • Explain why this occurs? • Desert • Namib and Kalahari

  7. Homework • P. 512 Locating Place

  8. The Cultural Geography Ch. 20

  9. Rapid population Growth • 11% of the world’s population – Africa • Nigeria – most populous • Soaring population and economic challenges causes difficulties for Africa. • AIDS

  10. A diverse population • Borders separate the people politically but do not disrupt daily pattern of life • Urbanization – movement of ppl from rural areas to the the city. • Service centers – convenient business locations

  11. African Roots • Hunter and gatherer – domestication of animals • Kingdom of Kush, Axum • Trading empires • Ghana (gold) • Mali (gold and salt) • Songhai (gold and salt) • Bantu migration • Influence – 150 million Bantu speakers living in Africa today

  12. European Colonization • 1200’s - Trading with Africans (Europeans) • 800’s – Arab leaders took enslaves Africans to Islamic lands • Middle passage – Enslaved Africans brought to Americas • Imperialism – Europeans took over African lands for their natural resources. Divided land without respecting ethnic boundaries

  13. From Colonies to Countries • mid 1900’s – Independence movements • Europeans did not help or show the Africans how to set up a democratic governments • Most ethnic groups fought • Ex: Nigeria ( Religious and ethnic differences) • South Africa • Nelson Mandela • Apartheid – separation of races

  14. Language • 800 different languages • Congo – Kordofanian, Nilo-Saharan, Afro –Asiatic, Khoisan, Malayo – Polynesian, and Afrikaans • English and French are known as lingua franca (common language)

  15. Religion • Coastal Countries – Christianity • West Africa – mostly Muslim • Traditional religions • Supreme deity • Nature spirits • Honor the ancestors

  16. Education • 1960 – 120,000 • Late 1900’s – 2 million • TV – efficient learning tool

  17. The Arts • Drum music • Folk tales • Dance • Textiles ( Ghana- kente cloth and East Africa’s khanga cloth) • Roots of blues and Jazz • Oral literature

  18. Varied Lifestyle • Strong family ties • Extended families – household made up if several generations • Clans – large groups descended from an early ancestor • Nuclear family – Husband, Wife, and children

  19. Africa Today Ch. 22

  20. Agriculture • Farming main economic activity • Subsistence – • Shifting – • Sedentary – • Commercial – produce crops on a large scale (cash crops) • Explain the conflict in Zimbabwe when it comes to farm land. • Zambia – conversation farming

  21. Logging and Fishing • Forests cover 25% - human activity destroying the region’s forest • Southwestern coast – commercial fishing

  22. Mining Resources • South Africa – Gold • Guinea – 1/3 reserve bauxite • Nigeria - petroleum

  23. industrialization • Infrastructure - • Low manufacturing and industrialization because of its lack of unskilled workers.

  24. Transportation and Communication • Roads and railroads • Communications • Radio, TV, telephone (limited), internet • E- commerce -

  25. Shadow of Hunger • Desertification • War major cause of hunger and malnutrition in Africa. • Rwanda, Sudan, Liberia, Somalia

  26. Land Use • Destruction of the rain forest • Cote d’Ivoire • Endangered Animals • Extinction • Poaching • Conservation and tourism • ecotourism

  27. Toward the Future • Preserving environment and natural resources • Encourage private enterprise • New ranching laws

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