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FALCON

FALCON. Management and Monitoring. Introduction. Rudi Schlösser, CTO Email: schloesser@atecom.com Customer Support Email: support@atecom.com Additional Information WWW: www.atecom.com FTP: ftp.atecom.com/pub. Agenda. Technolgies PDH, SDH, and ATM MPEG and DVB-ASI FALCON

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FALCON

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  1. FALCON Management and Monitoring

  2. Introduction • Rudi Schlösser, CTO • Email: schloesser@atecom.com • Customer Support • Email: support@atecom.com • Additional Information • WWW: www.atecom.com • FTP: ftp.atecom.com/pub

  3. Agenda • Technolgies • PDH, SDH, and ATM • MPEG and DVB-ASI • FALCON • System Architecture • General Aspects • Components • Management • Boot Monitor • Firmware • Configuration • Monitoring • Troubleshooting

  4. Please... Cry and stop me, if there are any questions and more details are needed. There are no stupid questions, but only stupid answers Let‘s skip over parts already known, there‘s never enough time

  5. TechnologiesNetwork

  6. Signal Chain MPEG Compressed Video • Compression (Source to MPEG-TS) • MPEG compression, Multiplexing • Network Adaptation (MPEG-TS to ATM, IP, …) • Encapsulation / De-Encapsulation, Clock Recovery • Decompression / Modulation (MPEG-TS back to Source)

  7. Network Technologies • PDH (Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) • SDH / SONET (Synchronous Digital Hierarchy / Optical Networks) • ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) • SONET NG (SONET Next Generation) • RPR (Residual Packet Ring) • GFP (Generic Framing Procedure) • MPLS • Ethernet • IP, UDP, RTP, …

  8. Network Stacks ISO ATM SONET NG IP

  9. NetworkPDH

  10. PDH Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy • Different Standards by ITU and ANSI • Multiplexing of 2.048 Mbps (ITU) or 1.558 Mbps (ANSI) signals • Based on Line Switching • Supports Add & Drop functionality • No synchronous network clock • Operation & Maintenance on Section Level (OAM F1)

  11. PDH Alarms & Statistics

  12. NetworkSDH

  13. SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy • Similar Standards by ITU and ANSI • Multiplexing of 2.048 Mbps and 1.558 Mbps based signals • Based on Line Switching incl. Protection Switching (< 50ms) • Supports Add & Drop functionality • Synchronous network clock • Operation & Maintenance on Section, Line and Path Level (OAM F1..F3)

  14. SDH Frame Format SDH Frame

  15. SDH OAM Flow SDH OAM (Operation & Maintenance) Flow

  16. SDH Alarms

  17. SDH Statistics

  18. NetworkATM

  19. ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode • Enables parallel Transport of video, audio, telephony and data over one network. • Runs on top of PDH, SDH, dark fiber • Asynchronous, no common clock • 53 Byte Cell based, high granularity, low delay • 5 Byte Header, 48 Byte Payload (~11% overhead) • Circuit Switching on VP (Virtual Path) and VC (Virtual Connection) • Guaranteed Quality of Service (QoS) and scalable Bandwidth • Supports different Adaptation Layer (AAL) for service mapping • Operation & Maintenance on VP (F4) and VC (F5) level

  20. ATM Cell Structure ATM Cell ATM Cell Header

  21. Synchronization ATM Cell Delineation • Receiver must find the start of an ATM Cell to synchronize to the received Cell Stream • Procedure: • Receive 4 Byte and calculate the HEC • Compare calculated HEC with next received Byte • Lock after 3 matches in 53 Byte distance, otherwise start from scratch • In locked state single mismatch will cause a LOCD (Loss of Cell Delineation) • The link must be constantly filled with ATM cells, even if no User data is to be transferred. Stuffing done by IDLE or UNASSIGNED Cells (VPI = 0, VCI = 0).

  22. VC and VP VC (Virtual Channel) VP (Virtual Path) Bundles multiple (up to 65.535) VCs with the same VPI Fast re-routing Multiple VPs with individual Bandwidth on a single physical Link Link sharing by different customers • Each service is mapped to an dedicated VC • A VC is identified by its VPI/VCI pair • The VPI/VCI pair must be unique on a physical link • Point-to-Point (P2P) and Point-to-Multipoint (P2MP) • Individual QoS and Bandwidth per VC

  23. Reserved VPI/VCI Values The VCI values below 32 are reserved for special functions and shouldn’t be used for user services

  24. OAM Cell Format OAM Cells

  25. AAL ATM Adaptation Layer • The AAL defines, how user data is mapped to ATM cells • An AAL consists of two sublayers • CS: Convergence Sublayer • SAR: Segmentation & Reassembly • Four AAL types are defined • AAL1: Services with constant bit rate, isochronous timing i.e. Video, Audio, Circuit Emulation • AAL2: Services with variable bit rate, isochronous timing i.e. Video Conferencing • AAL3/4: Services with variable packet size, i.e. data • AAL5: Services variable packet size, i.e. data

  26. AAL1 48 Byte ATM Cell Payload SN • For bit streams with constant bit rate (E1/T1, DVB-ASI, …) • 3 bit Sequence numbering (SN) plus Sequence Number Protection (SNP) • 47 Byte payload Data stream with constant bit rate SAR 47 Byte Payload 3 Bit 5 Bit CS SNP 47 Byte Payload Cell Header

  27. AAL1 FEC Forward Error Correction • 4 Byte RS (Reed Solomon Code) for every 124 Byte data resulting in ~3.2% overhead • Byte Interleaving matrix 128 by 48 • Spreading of block errors (cell losses) • Write data row by row, send column by column • Receive data column by column, read out row by row • Error Correction Capabilities • Up to 4 consecutive lost cells in each row • 2 lost cells and 1 bit error per row, if position of lost cells is known or • 2 bit errors per row

  28. AAL5 • For data with variable packet size (Ethernet, IP, …) • 65.536 Byte max. packet size • 8 Byte trailer with original length and CRC32 over the entire PDU Data packet with 1 to 65.535 Bytes SAR 48 Byte 48 Byte n Byte 1 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 4 Byte UU CPI Length CRC32 n Byte Stuffing Trailer CS Hdr 48 Byte Hdr 48 Byte Hdr 48 Byte

  29. ATM Cell Rates

  30. TechnologiesMPEG

  31. MPEG-TS Transport Stream • Multiplex of ESs (Elementary Streams, like video, audio, data, …) identified by its PID (Packet ID) • SI (Service Information) describes content of the TS • Segmented into packets of 188 Byte • Each packet starts with 0x47 • Second Byte contains control information, like TEI • Constant Bitrate is achieved by inserting NULL packets (PID 8191)

  32. MPEG-TS SI Service Information PAT (PID 0) NIT PID NIT (PID 16) PMT # 1 PID PMT #1 PMT # 2 PID ES #1 PID Video ES #2 PID Audio 1 PMT # n PID CAT (PID 1) ES #n PID Data SDT (PID 17) PMT #n EIT (PID 18) ES #1 PID Video TDT (PID 20) ES #2 PID Audio ES #n PID Data

  33. TechnologiesDVB-ASI

  34. DVB-ASI Asynchronous Serial Interface • Standard interface for transport of MPEG-TS • Serial (Coax 75Ohm) interface with 270MHz carrier signal (compatible to SDI) and up to 300m reach • 8B/10B coding • Supports 16 Byte Reed-Solomon Error Correction • Byte and packet mode

  35. MPEG-TS over ATM AAL1 • TS packet size is adopted to ATM AAL1 • 188 Byte TS-Packets fit exactly into 4 ATM Cells • Divide TS packet into 4 blocks of 47 Byte as AAL1 payload • 31 TS packets fit exactly into the AAL1 FEC matrix • FEC matrix must start with 0x47 (TS sync Byte) • 204 Byte TS packet size not supported • Strip off MPEG-RS before mapping • Receiver must perform adaptive clock recovery (ACR) • Accuracy: 0.2ppm • Max. Drift: 0.0027ppm/s

  36. MPEG over ATM AAL5 • Previously recommended by ANSI • No specialized SAR required • New traffic type VBRrt (Variable bit rate, real-time) • Recommendation changed to AAL1 for professional services • 2 TS packets plus 8 Byte trailer are mapped to 8 ATM cells • No stuffing required • Same overhead as with AAL1 without FEC • No error correction scheme • Single ATM cell loss causes loss of min. 2 TS packets

  37. System Architecture

  38. FALCON Installation • Don‘t block air inlet (bottom) or outlet (top) • Don‘t use mounting brackets (covering Slot #13) • Use external 1RU fan unit instead 0 & 1 2 & 3 4..11 12 & 13

  39. System Architecture

  40. Internal Data Distribution • ATM Cells received by the Network Interfaces are broadcasted to • both Controller Cards • all service cards • ATM cells from Controller- and Service-Cards are always send to a Network interface (bps-0 to Slot #12, bps-1 to Slot #13) • VCCs on Service- and Controller Cards must be unique per network interface • No traffic relation between service cards and/or controller cards:

  41. User Configuration • The configuration reflects the SNMP MIB tree • The configuration stays valid after a firmware upgrade • Full SNMP support is easy to achieve • Central database runs on the Controller. Databases on the individual cards are mapped to the central database dynamically. • The configuration is always stored on the particular card • Pre-configuration of a card is possible. • The card boots up with it‘s local stored configuration. • No controller card is required

  42. System Components

  43. PSUs • Hot-swap and Hot-plug • Load Balancing • AC: 100V~to 250V~, 50Hz to 60Hz, auto-sense • DC: -32V= to -76= • Mixed operation possible • Indications: • OK: Primary power • Failure: Overload ATTENTION: DC-PSU is not protected against polarity reversal

  44. Common Card Controls • Console (RS232) • Baudrate 115k • 8N1, no handshake • Hot-Swap (HS) LED • Lights blue, when the card is powerded down (hot-swappable) • Status (OK) LED • Constant red: booting • Constant green: operational • Red Blinking: out0 alarm active Console Hot-Swap LED Status LED Throw-out Handle

  45. Controller Card • Can be inserted to Slot #2 and #3 • Hot swap and hot plug • Central configuration and monitoring • SNMP agent • Web server • Not required for System operation • Interfaces • 2 * 10/100BaseT Ethernet • RS232 (115k, 8N1) • 5 * Contact Closures • 4 * Digital Input • Supports IPoA and Ethernet Bridging Digital Inputs eth0 eth1 Contact Closures Console Throw-out Handle

  46. Network Interfaces • Can be inserted to Slot #12 and Slot #13 • Hot swap and hot plug • Physical Interface carried out as pluggable module • E3/DS3, STM-1 electrical / optical, STM-4 optical • Reference clock input and output • Indications: • SIGNAL: Carrier detect • green: OK • red: no carrier • ERROR: Any error on the physical layer • TX/RX: ATM cells are send/received Physical Interface RX/TX LED Status LEDs Ref. Clock Console Throw-out Handle

  47. ATM Tributary Interfaces • Can be inserted to Slot #4 to #11 • Same as Network Interfaces • Additional: • Quad E3/DS3 interface • Traffic shaping and policing per VCC (max. 2048 VCCs) • Automatic Protection Switching per VCC based on CLIP (Cell Loss Integration Period) configurable in n * 20us (max. 1024 VCCs) Physical Interface RX/TX LED Status LEDs Ref. Clock Console Throw-out Handle

  48. DVB-ASI Input • Can be inserted to Slot #4 to #11 • Hot swap & hot plug • Two ASI inputs with integrated A-B switch • Active monitor output (configurable) • Byte and Packet mode, 188 and 204 Byte packet size • TS rate from 800kbps to 160Mbps (CBR) • TS rate measurement, switch off if configured rate is exceeded • AAL1 or AAL1 FEC (configurable) • 2 ATM VCCs to Slot #12 and Slot #13, individual configurable • Indications: • STAT: Input signal status • ACT: Active input Input 1 Status LEDs Input 2 Status LEDs Monitor Output Console Throw-out Handle

  49. DVB-ASI Input Block Diagram port interface link

  50. Quad DVB-ASI-Input • Can be inserted to Slot #4 to #11 • Hot swap & hot plug • 4 independent ASI channels • Active monitor output (configurable) • Byte and Packet mode, 188 and 204 Byte packet size • TS rate from 800kbps to 213Mbps (CBR) • TS rate measurement, switch off if configured rate is exceeded • AAL1 or AAL1 FEC (configurable) • 2 ATM VCCs per channel to Slot #12 and Slot #13, individual configurable • Indications: • STAT: Input signal status • ACT: Active input Input 1 Input 2 Input 3 Input 4 Monitor Output Console Throw-out Handle

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