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Falcon Focus

Falcon Focus. USATESTPREP EQ: DON ’ T FORGET TO WRITE THE QUESTIONS. Review. Match the vocabulary to it’s definition. 1. Convergent Boundary __ 2. Divergent Boundary __ 3. Transform Boundary __ 4. Fault __ 5. Boundary __. a. A break in the Earth’s crust b . Where two plates meet

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Falcon Focus

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  1. Falcon Focus • USATESTPREP • EQ: DON’T FORGET TO WRITE THE QUESTIONS

  2. Review Match the vocabulary to it’s definition • 1. Convergent Boundary __ • 2. Divergent Boundary __ • 3. Transform Boundary __ • 4. Fault __ • 5. Boundary __ a. A break in the Earth’s crust b. Where two plates meet c. Two plates divide d. Two plates slide past each other e. Two plates collide

  3. Standard 8.E.5 VOLCANOES

  4. VOLCANOES!

  5. STANDARD 8.E.5 The student will demonstrate an understanding of the processes that alter the structure of Earth and provide resources for life on the planet.

  6. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 8.E.5B.1 Analyze and interpret data to describe patterns in the location of volcanoes and earthquakesrelated to tectonic plate boundaries, interactions, and hot spots. 8.E.5B.2 Construct explanations of how forces inside Earth result in earthquakes and volcanoes. 8.E.5B.3 Define problems that may be caused by a catastrophic event resulting from plate movements and design possible devices or solutions to minimize the effects of that event on Earth’s surface and/or human structures.

  7. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 8.E.5B.1 Analyze and interpret data to describe patterns in the location of volcanoes and earthquakesrelated to tectonic plate boundaries, interactions, and hot spots.

  8. Volcanoes 101

  9. What is a vent? A vent is the opening in a volcano.

  10. LAVA vs. MAGMA • LAVA = Outsidethe volcano • MAGMA = Inside the Volcano • Magma that reaches Earth’s surface is known as lava.

  11. CHECK POINT • WHAT IS A VOLCANO? • WHAT IS A VENT? • WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MAGMA AND LAVA?

  12. WHAT’S THE RELATIONSHIP? Scientists study and record seismic data and volcanic activity in order to support the theory of plate tectonics.The evidence proves that there is a distinct relationship between seismic activity, volcanicactivity, and the lithospheric plate boundaries.

  13. VOLCANIC ACTIVITY & PLATE TECTONICS The interaction of plate boundaries results in an increased frequency of volcanic activity at these locations. Volcanoes occur at convergent plate boundaries where subductingoceanic crust is melted. This magma rises through the crust to form volcanoes and volcanic island arcs.

  14. VOLCANIC ISLAND ARCS

  15. VOLCANIC ACTIVITY & PLATE TECTONICS Volcanoes occur at divergentplate boundaries where upwelling magma pushes between plates (rift zones) as the plates move apart.

  16. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE The Pacific Ring of fire is a region of high volcanic and seismic activity that surrounds the majority of the Pacific Ocean Basin. The Pacific Ring of Fire is made up of converging plate boundaries that border the Pacific Ocean basin. Scientists use volcanic activity data from this area to show the relationship between volcanic activity and lithospheric plate motion.

  17. PACIFIC RING OF FIRE

  18. CHECK POINT 1. VOLCANOES NORMALLY OCCUR AT WHICH TWO BOUNDARIES? 2. WHAT CRUST SUBDUCTS IN A CONVERGENT BOUNDARY? 3. MAGMA THAT RISES THROUGH THE CRUST IN A CONVERGENT BOUNDARY COULD FORM WHAT 2 THINGS? 4. HOW DO VOLCANOES OCCUR IN DIVERGENT BOUNDARIES? 5. HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN THE RING OF FIRE? 6. WHAT LITHOSPHERIC PLATE IS THE RING OF FIRE LOCATED ON?

  19. Hot Spots and Plate Tectonics: A volcanic hotspot is an area in the mantle from which heat rises in the form of a thermal plume from deep within the Earth. Higher heat and lower pressure at the base of the lithosphere melts rock and forms magma. The magma rises through the cracks in the lithosphere and erupts to form volcanoes. As the tectonic plates continue to move over a stationaryhotspot, the volcanoes break away and move along with the plate allowing new volcanoes to form in their place. This plate tectonic movement over a hotspot results in chains of volcanoes, such as the Hawaiian Islands.

  20. HOT SPOTS

  21. HOT SPOTS At a hot spot, higher heat and lower pressure at the base of the lithosphere melts rock and forms magma. The magma rises through the cracks in the lithosphere and erupts to form volcanoes.

  22. HOT SPOTS HOT SPOTS ARE stationary WHILE THE PLATES move. Examples: Hawaiian island chain and the Emperor Sea Mounts deals with the movement of the Pacific Plate.

  23. CHECK POINT 1. HOW WOULD YOU EXPLAIN A HOT SPOT? 2. ARE HOT SPOTS STATIONARY? 3. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHP BETWEEN A HOTSPOT AND LITHOSPHERIC PLATES? 4. WHAT FORMS OVER HOT SPOTS? 5. WHAT ISLAND FORMED FROM A HOT SPOT? 6. WITHIN A HOT SPOT MAGMA RISES THROUGH WHICH LAYER? 7. HOW WOULD YOU ILLUSTRATE A HOT SPOT?

  24. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 8.E.5B.2 Construct explanations of how forces inside Earth result in earthquakes and volcanoes.

  25. Lithospheric Plate Motion and Volcanic Activity:

  26. Volcanism & Boundaries There is scientific data supporting abundant volcanism occurrences at divergent and convergent plate boundaries and a lack of volcanism associated with transform plate boundaries.

  27. Where do volcanos occur?When plates interact at boundaries, there is much more volcanic activity at these places. • Divergent Boundary • Volcanic activity at divergent plate boundaries occurs as the plates pull apart which allows magma to fill the rift zone between the separating plates. • What Forms: NEW CRUST at Mid-Ocean Ridges and Rift Valleys

  28. Where do volcanos occur? • Convergent Boundary • Volcanic activity at convergent plate boundaries occurs as the two plates converge or collideon one another. • The leading edge of thesubductedplate melts and rises through the overlying crust resulting in the formation of a volcanic chain of mountains. The most volcanically active belt on Earth is known as the Ring of Fire, a region of volcanic activity that happens at subduction zones surrounding the Pacific Ocean. • What Forms: Volcanoes, Volcanic Island Arcs, Mountains, and Subduction Zones

  29. TYPES OF VOLCANOES The specific types of volcanism that happens at divergent and convergent plate boundaries are called spreading center volcanism (DIVERGENT) and subduction zone volcanism (CONVERGENT).

  30. TYPES OF VOLCANOES • Intraplate volcanism is another term to describe the presence of volcanic activity over hot spots.

  31. SPECIFIC SURFACE FEATURES CREATED FROM LITHOPSPHERIC PLATE MOTION • INCLUDES: the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

  32. MARIANA TRENCH

  33. ALEUTIAN TRENCH

  34. Volcanic Eruptions • Can beDESTRUCTIVE (DESTROYS) • when an eruption is explosive it changes the landscape of and aroundthe volcano • Can beCONSTRUCTIVE (CREATES) • addsnew rock to existing land • formsnew islands

  35. What do underwater volcanoes look like when they erupt? (video)

  36. CHECK POINT • 1. VOLCANOES NORMALLY OCCUR IN WHICH TWO BOUNDARIES? • 2. WHAT FORMS FROM A CONVERGENT BOUNDARY? • 3. WHAT FORMS FORM A DIVERGENT BOUNDARY? • 4. NAME THE 3 TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND HOW THEY FORM? • 5. HOW CAN VOLCANOES BE CONSTRUCTIVE? • 6. HOW CAN VOLCANOES BE DESTRUCTIVE?

  37. PERFORMANCE INDICATORS 8.E.5B.3 Define problems that may be caused by a catastrophic event resulting from plate movements and design possible devices or solutions to minimize the effects of that event on Earth’s surface and/or human structures.

  38. Defining problems associated with Volcanoes: Most of the world’s active above-sea volcanoes are located near convergent plate boundaries, an area of subduction. Subduction-zone volcanoes typically erupt with an extremely explosive force. There are many large population centers that are within areas that may be affected by explosive volcanic eruptions. These powerful eruptions can affect people in many different ways:

  39. LOCAL VS. GLOBAL EFFECTS Local effects – personal property damage, personal injuries or possible death, destruction of urban and suburban areas, disruption of local water supplies, contamination of food sources, landslides, and lack of breathable air Globaleffects – changes in weather and climate, aviation safety hazards, tsunamis if volcanic activity is under or near oceans, seismic activity in accompaniment with volcanic activity, and production of acid rain

  40. Minimization Efforts of Volcanic Effects: The pathway of an eruption is difficult to predict so most of the minimization efforts are focused on monitoring volcanoes for increased activity. This provides enough warning for people in the potentially affected areas to be evacuated. o Scientists suggest the following for structures where volcanic activity may occur:  houses should be constructed in a manner that will allow for all vents to be closed  windows and doors should be properly insulated

  41. Volcanic Eruptions of Interest: Mount Pinatubo in Philippines (1991-1996)

  42. Rabaul in Papua New Guinea (1994)

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