Falcon Focus

1. Falcon Focus • 1. Name the force and fault that goes with each boundary • Convergent • Divergent • Transform • 2.Explain how Triangulation works.

2. Essential Question • How are rocks formed?

3. Review • Let’s See What You Know!!!!!

4. Boundaries, Stresses, and Faults

5. *

7. FF: Which Seismic wave do not pass through the outer core?

8. When you find the distance from the epicenter for 3 stations, you can pinpoint the epicenter. You draw a circle from each station with a radius that is the distance to the epicenter for each station. Where the 3 circles intersect is the epicenter.

10. Triangulation of 3 stations to locate earthquake epicenter

11. Magnitude

12. How do Fold Mountains form? Explanation of fold mountains Use the following two resources to help you explain how fold mountains are formed

13. Fold Mountains

15. TYPES OF ROCKS NOTES • Performance Indicator: 8.E.5A.2Use the rock cycle model to describe the relationship between the processes and forces that create igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks.

16. Rocks • Rocks are naturally occurring combinations of minerals. • Most consist of two or more different minerals. • Rocks are classified according to how they were formed.

17. Physical Properties of Rocks • Color (may have a distinctive color for identification) • Streak (is the color of the mineral in powered form- shows the true color of the mineral) • Hardness (is a measure of the mineral’s resistance to scratching) • Luster (property of minerals that indicates how much the surface of a mineral reflects light or if it is SHINY.)

18. How much time does it take to form a rock? If you squeeze and heat a rock for a few million years, it can turn into a new kind of rock. How do Rocks form?

19. ROCKS • There are three large classifications of rocks – igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary. Each type of rock is formed differently and can change from one type to another over time. The way rocks are formed determines how we classify them.

20. 3 TYPES OF ROCKS • IGNEOUS EXAMPLES: Granite, Obsidian, Pumice • SEDIMENTARY EXAMPLES: Sandstone, Limestone, Shale • METAMORPHIC EXAMPLES: Slate, Marble, Gneiss

21. Types of Rocks Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic 3 types of Rocks

22. Examples…

23. IGNEOUS ROCK

24. Igneous Rocks (Volcanoes) • Igneous – means “fire formed.” • IGNEOUSROCKS: Forms when molten rock (magma or lava) cools and hardens . (MOLTEN ROCK) • Think of candle wax cooling • Igneous Rocks forms NEAR OR around VOLCANOES…

25. 2 types of Igneous Rocks • When lava is cooled it forms a rock. • When magma cools within the Earth, it also forms rocks. • What’s the difference between lava and magma?

26. Igneous Rocks (Volcanoes) • Extrusive rock – Igneous rock formed from lavathat erupted from a volcano. (exterior – exit) • Rocks cool quickly ON THE SURFACE • Because rocks cool quickly, the extrusive igneous rockmineral crystals are ____small__________ or __no_____ crystals are formed • Examples: Basalt, Obsidian • Extrusive: Small crystals – Cools Quickly

27. Igneous Rocks (Volcanoes) • Intrusive rock – Igneous rock that formed when magma hardened beneath or inside a volcano. (interior – inside) • Rocks cool slowly • Because rocks cool slowly, the intrusive igneous rockmineral crystals are that form are ___large_______ • Example: Granite Intrusive: Large crystals – Cools Slowly

28. WHAT TYPE OF IGNEOUS ROCK FORMS

29. IGENOUS ROCKS PROCESSES • Igneous Rocks goes mainly through processes: • 1. Crystallization • 2. Melting • 3. Cooling

31. Review • Where do igneous rocks form? • The only way igneous rocks can form is from the cooling of what? • Can a pre-existing rock ever become an Igneous rock? • What are the two types of igneous rocks? Explain the difference between them. • What are the 3 processes igneous rocks go through? • Explain how large and small crystals form in igneous rocks.

32. SEDIMENTARY ROCK

33. Sedimentary Rocks • Forms near bodies of water or where bodies of water use to be • Sedimentary rocks are made up of sediments.

34. What are Sediments? • Sediment are small, solid pieces of rock, mineral grains, or shell fragments • Sediments are formed through the processes of weathering and erosion of rocks exposed at Earth’s surface.

35. Sedimentary rocks can also form from the chemical depositing of materials that were once dissolved in water. (DEPOSITION) • THEREFORE, SEDIMENTARY ROCKS Forms from the compaction and/or cementation of rock pieces, mineral grains, or shell fragments called sediments.

37. Two Processes that make Sedimentary Rocks • 1. Compaction - process that presses sediments together. • At first, the sediment fits together loosely. Over long periods of time the layers build up. • The layers are heavy and press down on each other. • 2. Cementation – process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sediment together.

38. Sedimentary Rocks • Sedimentary rocks usually have fossils within them. • Sedimentary rocks are also known for having layers.

42. Review Questions • Where do sedimentary rocks form? • What are the two processes that sedimentary rocks go through? • How do sedimentary rocks form? • What are sediments? • How do sediments form? • Can any rocks turn into sediments?

43. METAMORPHIC ROCKS

44. Metamorphic Rocks • Metamorphic rocks form underneath the Earth’s Surface. • Forms when rocksare changed into different kinds of rocks by great heat and/or pressure • Metamorphic rocks are heated, squeezed, folded, or chemically changed by contact with hot fluids. (THIS ROCK GOES THROUGH CHEMICAL CHANGES)

45. When heat and pressure reach the rock’s melting point, it melts into magma.

46. Metamorphic RocksProcesses • Metamorphic goes through 2 processes: • 1. Heat • 2. Pressure

47. Metamorphic RocksClassification Classified by the arrangement of the grains that make up the rocks. • Foliated Rocks – Have obvious layers. • Non-Foliated Rocks – Have no visible layers.

48. Foliated or nonfoliated?

49. Granite (igneous) = GNEISS (metamorphic) Limestone (sedimentary) = MARBLE (metamorphic) Shale (sedimentary) = SLATE (metamorphic)