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A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace. 29.4 The Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919. The Big 3 of the Big 4. The Big 3. United States: Woodrow Wilson France: Georges Clemenceau Great Britain: David Lloyd George

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. A Flawed Peace 29.4 The Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919

  2. The Big 3 of the Big 4 The Big 3 • United States: Woodrow Wilson • France: Georges Clemenceau • Great Britain: David Lloyd George • Three most powerful Allies wanted to exert their influence upon the Treaty of Versailles. • Each wanted different things. • Italy: Vittorio Orlando made four

  3. Lloyd George • Germany should lose its navy and colonies • Germany and Britain to become trading partners • Overall, did not want to punish Germany too harshly • Did not want Germany seeking revenge in the future

  4. Clemenceau • Cripple Germany!! • So it couldn't attack France again. • Wanted Germany broken down into smaller states (weakened). • Make Germany pay retributions. • Germany should be brought to its knees so that she could never start a war again

  5. Wilson • A better and more peaceful world. • A League of Nations (L.O.N.) would help promote world peace • The right to self-determination. • The right to decide which country you wish to be governed by • Wilson believed that Germany should be punished • For European reconciliation (peace) as opposed to revenge (war).

  6. Wilson’s 14 Pointshttp://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/wilson14.asphttps://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/wilson-delivers-fourteen-points-speech/print • Only 6 of Wilson’s 14 accepted: 7, 8, 10, 11, 13, and 14. • Treaty calls for harsher penalties • Germany must assume full blame for the war • Imposed huge reparations (over $30 billion) • Limited the size of Germany’s army • Returned provinces Alsace and Lorraine to France • Removed hundreds of square miles of territory from Eastern and Western Germany • Stripped Germany of its overseas colonies

  7. A New Europe with New Boundaries • The First World War changed the face of Europe • T.O.V. one of 5 treaties • Creates tensions among winners and losers • New states created • Austro-Hungarian Empire collapse • Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia now independent • Ottomans lose all, but what is Turkey today • Southwest Asia lands made into mandates • Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan: British controlled • Syria and Lebanon: French • Russia lost land, too • Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania become independent • Romania and Poland gain land once part of Russia

  8. BEFORE AND AFTER

  9. Quicksand? • U.S. rejects T.O.V. • Objected to settlement and L.O.N. • U.S. should stay out of Euro affairs • War-guilt clause created bitterness among Germans • Other countries felt cheated • Mandated countries want independence • Euro colonialism continues in Africa and Asia • Italy angered that it did not get all of the land promised by the Allies. • Japan protested the refusal of western nations to recognize its claims to China. • Russia was excluded from the peace talks • Resented the establishment of a Polish nation • Resented new independent Baltic states on land that was once part of the Russian empire.

  10. Balkanization • Balkanization: Political term that refers to the fragmentation of a region or country into smaller regions or countries. • Case Study – Yugoslavia:

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