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A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace. A Flawed Peace. The Big Four Meet with the End of the War Woodrow Wilson of United States Georges Clemenceau of France David Lloyd George of Great Britain Vittorio Orlando of Italy Russia, which dropped out of war, Germany, and its Allies not represented. A Flawed Peace….

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. A Flawed Peace

  2. A Flawed Peace • The Big Four Meet with the End of the War • Woodrow Wilson of United States • Georges Clemenceau of France • David Lloyd George of Great Britain • Vittorio Orlando of Italy • Russia, which dropped out of war, Germany, and its Allies not represented

  3. A Flawed Peace… • In January of 1918, President Wilson drew up series of peace proposals • Known as Wilson's Fourteen Points • First 4 points wanted end of secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, and reduced national armies/navies • 5th point was adjusting colonial claims with fairness to colonial people • The 6th through 13th points specified border changes and creation of new nations, guided by self-determination • 14th point was for creation of association of nations to protect all nations

  4. A Flawed Peace… • Peace Conference held in Paris, France and Britain showed little love for Wilson’s Points • Both wanted to strip Germany of war-making power • Took time to reach agreement with Treaty of Versailles • Signed on June 28, 1919, five years after war Archduke Ferdinand was assassinated

  5. A Flawed Peace… • This treaty did adopt Wilson’s 14th point alone…creating League of Nations • Germany got punished in rest of treaty • Lost territories • Severe restrictions on military operations • Harshest part was Article 231- war guilt clause • Placed sole responsibility of war on Germany, so they had to make all war reparations to Allies • Lost all imperial holdings

  6. A Flawed Peace… • Creation of New Nations • Out of Austrian-Hungarian Empire: Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia • Out of Ottoman Empire: only left with modern-day Turkey… Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan under British control…Syria and Lebanon under French control • Out of Russia (for leaving war early): Romania and Poland gained old Russian territories…Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania now independent

  7. A Flawed Peace… • “A Peace Built on Quicksand” • U.S. ultimately rejected the Treaty of Versailles, yet now considered a dominant world power after the world • Many Americans felt their best chance for peace was to stay out of European affairs • U.S. worked out their own separate treaty with Germany and its allies several years later • Treaty of Versailles left many Germans bitter and hateful

  8. A Flawed Peace… • Other peoples, in Asia and Africa felt betrayed that their desires were disregarded by the Allies • European countries talked about self-determination, but did not practice it • Colonialism continued under new term of mandate system • Even some Allies upset that they did not get more territory…mainly Japan and Italy

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