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A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace. The War Comes to and End. The Central Powers Collapse. After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany could focus its forces on the Western Front Attacked the Allies in France By now, Germany was exhausted in terms of men and supplies

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. A Flawed Peace The War Comes to and End

  2. The Central Powers Collapse • After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany could focus its forces on the Western Front • Attacked the Allies in France • By now, Germany was exhausted in terms of men and supplies • Allies counterattacked; advanced towards Germany

  3. Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire surrender • People revolted in Austria-Hungary • Mutiny and unrest in Germany • On November 1918, Kaiser Wilhelm II stepped down. • The new German government signed an armistice with the Allies • Armistice: agreement to stop fighting

  4. Legacy of the War • Introduced a new kind of war: technology, scale • 8.5 million soldiers died • Devastated the economies of European countries • Sense of insecurity and despair • The Treaty of Versailles

  5. A Flawed Peace • Paris Peace Conference, 1918: meeting between the countries to establish the terms of peace • Major decisions made by the Big Four: Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), Georges Clemenceau (France), David Lloyd George (Great Britain), Vittorio Orlando (Italy) • 32 countries represented at the Conference • Russia and Germany were NOT there

  6. A Flawed Peace (cont’d) • President Wilson of the U.S. had a plan for peace after the war: the Fourteen Points • 1-4: end secret treaties, freedom of the seas, free trade, reduced armies and navies • 5: adjust colonial claims • 6-13: creating new nations • Self-Determination: people decide for themselves what government they want to have

  7. A Flawed Peace (cont’d) • Wilson’s fourteenth point (14): proposed a “general association of nations” that would protect all nations and negotiate for/between all nations • This point is adopted in the peace treaty; create the League of Nations

  8. A Flawed Peace (cont’d) • The Treaty of Versailles, June 28, 1919: peace agreement between Germany and the Allies. Marks the end of WWI. • Established the League of Nations: international association that keeps peace among nations • Punished Germany: lost colonies and territory; reduce its military; made responsible for the war; pay reparations to the Allies

  9. A Flawed Peace (cont’d) • New nations were created out of territories of the defeated nations: Germany, Ottoman Empire, Austria-Hungary,Bulgaria • Some recognized as independent nations • Most turned into mandates: another country runs it, temporary • What about self-determination

  10. A Peace Built on Quicksand • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VlPMld7ScU0 • Treaty of Versailles did little to build lasting peace • The Unites States (dominant nation in the world) rejected the Treaty and did not join the League of Nations • Germans left bitter and angry: reparations and “war-guilt clause” • Colonies not given independence • New nations not allowed self-determination

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