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A Flawed Peace

A Flawed Peace. 14.4. A Flawed Peace. On January 18, 1919, a conference to establish peace terms began at the Palace of Versailles The meeting’s major decisions were made by the Big Four:

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A Flawed Peace

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  1. A Flawed Peace 14.4

  2. A Flawed Peace • On January 18, 1919, a conference to establish peace terms began at the Palace of Versailles • The meeting’s major decisions were made by the Big Four: • Woodrow Wilson of the U.S., Georges Clemenceau of France, David Lloyd George of Great Britain, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. • Russia, was not represented. Neither were Germany and its allies

  3. Wilson’s Plan for Peace • President Wilson had drawn up a series of peace proposals. Known as the Fourteen Points • This plan included the idea for a “general association of nations” that would protect “great and small states alike.” • Wilson wanted an organization that could peacefully negotiate solutions to world conflicts.

  4. The Treaty of Versailles • The treaty created a League of Nations to be an international association whose goal would be to keep peace among nations. • The treaty also punished Germany. • They lost substantial territory and had severe restrictions placed on their military operations.

  5. The Treaty of Versailles • The “war guilt” clause placed sole responsibility for the war on Germany’s shoulders. • As a result, Germany had to pay reparations to the Allies. • All of Germany’s lands in Africa and the Pacific were to be administered by the League of Nations. • Under the peace agreement, the Allies would govern the territories until they were judged ready for independence.

  6. assignment • 1. Who made the decisions at the peace agreements at Versailles? • 2. What were the fourteen points? • 3. Define League of Nations. • 4. What was the war guilt clause? • 5. How did the treaty punish Germany?

  7. A Troubled Treaty • The Versailles treaty was just one of five treaties • In the end, these agreements created feelings of bitterness and betrayal—among the victors and the defeated.

  8. The Creation of New Nations • Several new countries were created out of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. • Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia were all recognized as independent nations.

  9. The Creation of New Nations • The Ottomans were forced to give up almost all of their former empire, they retained only Turkey • The Allies carved up the lands that the Ottomans lost in Southwest Asia into mandates controlled by the Allies • Palestine, Iraq, and Transjordan came under British control; Syria and Lebanon went to France.

  10. The Creation of New Nations • Russia lost territory • Romania and Poland both gained Russian territory. • Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, formerly part of Russia, became independent nations.

  11. A Troubled Treaty • The US rejected the treaty • The war-guilt clause, left a legacy of bitterness and hatred in the hearts of the German people • The mandated territories were angry at the way the Allies disregarded their desire for independence • European colonialism continued

  12. Assignment • Page 289 • #1 and #3-5

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