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How Cells Function

How Cells Function. Video: http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1AF2CCBB-00CF-43A7-9083-002C98A1A92B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=DETB#. All cells are made of the same elements. All living and nonliving things are made up of atoms.

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How Cells Function

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  1. How Cells Function

  2. Video:http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1AF2CCBB-00CF-43A7-9083-002C98A1A92B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=DETB#Video:http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?guidAssetId=1AF2CCBB-00CF-43A7-9083-002C98A1A92B&blnFromSearch=1&productcode=DETB#

  3. All cells are madeof the same elements. • All living and nonliving things are made up of atoms. • All cells are made up of the same elements. • The Periodic Table shows the different elements. • What are some examples?

  4. What is a chemical reaction? • Most activities that take place within cells involve atoms and molecules interacting. • Chemical reaction • Bonds between atoms are broken and new bonds form to make different molecules • Energy is needed to form bonds, and energy is released when bonds break. • Cells use chemical energy for life activities.

  5. Large molecules supportcell function. • In living things, there are 4 main types of large molecules. • They share one important characteristic—they all contain carbon atoms.

  6. 1. Carbohydrates • Provide the cell with ENERGY! • Sugars made from atoms of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen. • What happens when you eat a candy bar?

  7. 2. Lipids • Fats, oils, and waxes found in living things. • Lipids that make up the cell membrane have 2 parts: • A water-loving head (polar) • Two water-hating tails (nonpolar) • Let’s look at the structure of lipids on page C43.

  8. 3. Proteins • Made up of amino acids. • Carry out most of the chemical activity in cells. • Enzymes are proteins that control chemical reactions inside the cells. • Proteins are an important part of your cell membrane. (Transporting materials through facilitated diffusion.)

  9. 4. Nucleic Acids • Molecules that hold the instructions for the maintenance, growth, and reproduction of a cell. • 2 types • DNA • RNA • The subunits of nucleic acids are called nucleotides. • The order of nucleotides in DNA makes up the genetic code.

  10. About 2/3 of every cell is water. • All of the chemical reactions inside the cell take place in water. • What elements are in water? • Some substances are attracted to water, while others repel it. Why?

  11. Structure of Water • Water is POLAR. • Check out these terms: • Hydrophobic • Hydrophillic • Now think about lipids, why is it important that a cell membrane contains lipids?

  12. Review Questions • Explain how just a few elements can make up all living things. • What functions do proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids perform? • What does it mean to describe water molecules as being polar?

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