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AP Psychology. 11-13-13. Finish video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4yhtjm76WU. Stages of sleep. Describe the stages of sleep & what happens in each one. Use pages 276-279, as well as the video sheet from last class, as a reference. REM Rebound.
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AP Psychology 11-13-13
Finish video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x4yhtjm76WU
Stages of sleep • Describe the stages of sleep & what happens in each one. Use pages 276-279, as well as the video sheet from last class, as a reference.
REM Rebound • Tendency to return to REM sleep more quickly if deprived of it during a sleep cycle (by waking).
Biological rhythms • What are the four primary biological rhythms? Annual cycles, twenty-eight-day cycles, twenty-four-hour cycles, and ninety-minute cycles. • What is circadian rhythm? What are the stages? Temperature rises in morning, peaks during the day, dips in the afternoon, and drops at night.
Melatonin • Melatonin is produced by what system? • Jot down (using three stages) how light causes the creation of melatonin. optic nerve -> suprachiasmatic nucleus -> pineal gland
Sleep disorders • Insomnia • Narcolepsy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTj3a2nHw8k • Sleep apnea • Night terrors
Dreams • Read pages 287-289. • Write 1 paragraph evaluating what dream theory you find to be most plausible. You may also combine the theories. Wish-fulfillment (manifest vs. latent content) Information-processing Physiological function Activation-synthesis Cognitive
Hypnosis • A special state resembling sleep marked by a diminished level of awareness (compared to waking consciousness). • A period during which people are susceptible to suggestion by another. • This is called hypnotic ability—some people are more likely to respond to hypnosis than others (Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale by Hilgard)
Can you remember childhood events when hypnotized? • Called “age regression.” • Many people who act out age regression outperform children of that age group. • Memories can be created under hypnosis (pseudo-memory).
Hypnosis and the will • One study showed that hypnotized people would dip their hand into “acid” and throw it or pick up a dangerous reptile. • However, un-hypnotized people performed the same tasks. • The reason? A belief in the authority figure running the study (due to safety). Is trust in authority at work in hypnosis as well? (Milgram Experiment, anyone?)
Posthypnotic Suggestions • After hypnosis, many subjects exhibit posthypnotic amnesia: the inability to remember events from hypnosis. • Suggestion during hypnosis, then, are carried out after hypnosis has ended. This can lead to some successful treatment—usually in the fields of pain-management and obesity.
How does hypnosis alleviate pain? • Dissociation: a split in consciousness, which allows a detachment between surroundings and experiences. • The sensation of the pain stimulus is split from the emotional suffering that defines pain. • Selective attention: focusing on other events to divert attention from pain. (similar to the gate-control theory of pain) • Either way, stimuli are registered without reporting the expected level of pain.
Evaluate hypnosis • Read pages 294-295 & answer: • Are actions under hypnosis the result of social influence, divided consciousness, or an amalgamation of both? Develop an argument in a paragraph.
Homework • Read pages 296-310. • NOW WE DO THE DRUGS