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AP Psychology. Units 12 & 13 Abnormality and the Treatment of Psychological Disorders. History of Psychopathology. most explanations have focused on psychological or biological factors. Early Demonology.
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AP Psychology Units 12 & 13 Abnormality and the Treatment of Psychological Disorders
History of Psychopathology • most explanations have focused on psychological or biological factors
Early Demonology • during various periods of history people suffering from mental illnesses were seen as being possessed by evil spirits
Early Demonology • exorcism was used to attempt to draw out these spirits by rituals, torture, flagellation starvation or drowning
Early Demonology A priest driving out the devil.
Greek and Roman Times • Hippocrates was one of the first scientist to propose a biological theory of abnormality • while he was a keen observer, his physiology was crude
The Middle Ages: Return of Demonology • During the Dark Ages possession by the devil became the primary explanation of abnormal behavior
The Middle Ages: Return of Demonology • While the Catholic Church often took a role in caring for the ill, it also searched out what they called instruments of the devil
The Middle Ages: Return of Demonology • Many of those accused of witchcraft may well have been suffering from various mental illnesses
The Renaissance • asylums were established to care and confine the mentally ill • St Mary’s of Bethlehem (Bedlam) was established in London • It was characterized by chaotic conditions and it become a tourist attraction in the 19th Century
The Reform Movement • Pinel, a Frence doctor during the French Revolution, freed patients and treated them humanely • Argued that the mentally ill be treated with compassion, dignity and care
The 19th Century • despite the example of Pinel, most institutions were characterized by inhumane treatments that included the bleeding of patients and treatments like the drowning machine
The 20th Century • Developments in medicine, saw a return to biological explanations of abnormal behavior • This approach became know as the medical model of abnormality
The 20th Century • The discovery of various drugs that reduced abnormal behavior revolutionized the treatment of the mentally ill by the 1960s Lithium used for the treatment of depression
Psychological Explanations • The 20th Century also saw the development of various psychological theories of mental illness • Freud developed the talking cure and believed that the cathartic release of emotions was therapeutic
Psychological Explanations Freud’s couch
Contemporary Perspective Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective • dysfunctional behavior is now seen as a complex interaction between biological predispositions or pathology that combine with various social and cultural factors
Sources • www: theawakeningsproject.org/ This website is devoted to the art work of artists suffering from mental illness.