New College English (Book Four, Second Edition)

1. New College English(Book Four, Second Edition) Unit 4 Creativity

2. Contents Preparation 1 2 In-class Reading 3 After-class Reading 4 Further Development

3. PREPARATION

4. 1. What is Creativity? • Directions: Discuss in groups what is meant by “being creative”. First, each member defines it. Then,discuss your definitions in your group.

5. Sample answers • Being Creativity means one can think of things that others cannot. • means one can solve problems in a simple and original way. • Being creativity means one can think and do things in an unusual way. • Being creative is not limited to scientists or artists. Actually, ordinary people also do creative work in their lives. It is carried on all the time by amateur in inventors who find new and more convenient ways of doing everyday things. For example, the paper clip was invented by a kept losing his paperwork. Thanks to his own invention, he’s now very well organized. Being Creativity

6. The following paragraph will give you some ideas about creativity. Creativity is the ability to learn from Nature and to use one’s imagination. Both of these are full of wonders that are most probably incomparable. There is no doubt that man first began to learn from natural things and natural phenomena in order to survive and later on for a better living. The airplane is an example known to everybody. Man had imagined flying with wings in the sky like a bird for thousands of years before the airplane was invented. Yet, despite man’s enormous efforts to imitate Nature, he has never completely conquered it. In other words, there’s a long way to go before man can definitely declare that he’s the most intelligent and creative force in the world. 阅读材料

7. The following paragraph will give you some ideas about creativity. Creativity is the ability to learn from Nature and to use one’s imagination. Both of these are full of wonders that are most probably incomparable. There is no doubt that man first began to learn from natural things and natural phenomena in order to survive and later on for a better living. The airplane is an example known to everybody. Man had imagined flying with wings in the sky like a bird for thousands of years before the airplane was invented. Yet, despite man’s enormous efforts to imitate Nature, he has never completely conquered it. In other words, there’s a long way to go before man can definitely declare that he’s the most intelligent and creative force in the world. 阅读材料

8. 2. Creativity and Inventions Directions: Discuss with your partner the following list of inventions and describe how they represent creative ways of doing everyday things. In your discussion, you might first consider the things they replaced. A sample description is given below for your reference. · ballpoint pen · calculator · lightbulb · refrigerator

9. Sample Answers • The calculator replaced mental calculations, tables and the abacus. The results are more accurate, the problems can be worked out more quickly, and complex operations with large sums can be done easily. • The lightbulb replaced candles, lamp and torches. With a lightbulb, we can produce light with electricity, which is cleaner, and more convenient than candles and lamps, etc. • The ballpoint pen replaced pen and ink. It is more convenient, easier to carry and often neater. • The refrigerator replaced other ways of preserving food such as ice, salt and drying. It enables people to keep meant, fish, vegetables and other foods fresh for many days.

10. 3. Optical Illusion and Imagination Directions: Look at the right drawing from every possible angle and try to relate it to the real things in your lives. A possible example of imagination is given below for your reference. To me, it seems to be an exhibition hall in a museum. Though it’s not spacious, it’s full of masterpieces of the world’s greatest artists, for example, Pablo Picasso’s Guernica, Vincent van Gogh’s sunflower, and Claude Monet’s Water Lilies. A day’s stay there will bring an art lover great satisfaction and enjoyment.

11. Sample answers Looking inside: a room, a door, a window, a basket, a part of a corridor, a passage, a chimney. Looking forward: a platform, a key of a key-board, the back side of the TV, the roof of a building, a chocolate, a pyramid in South America. Looking flat: a handkerchief with plain shapes, a screen hanging on the wall. Looking from the upper side: a box, a cube.

12. Proverbs and Sayings The essential part ofCREATIVITYis not being afraid to fail. CREATIVITYrequires the courage to let go of certainties. Happiness lies in the joy of achievement and the thrill ofCREATIVITY effort. WhateverCREATIVITYis, it is in part a solution to a problem.

13. In-Class Reading The Case for Creativity – Encouraging Children to Think

14. Work in pairs to answer the following questions. Did your parents ever let you make decisions when you were very young? What do you think of your parents’ practice? Sample Yes, My parents, especially my father, favor a more democratic style of parenting. They seldom try to impose their own opinions on me and most of the time they let me make decisions for myself. Sometimes I even make painful and important decisions. For instance, as for the university I should enter and the major I should choose, I discussed these with them several times. I knew they’d like me to stay in my hometown, but they never told me this when they learned that I had decided to enter XX University. That’s why I’m here, in the university of my own choice. No. They made the decisions and I obeyed. If I did not obey, I would be punished. They meant well and wanted to teach me the right moral values and ways of behavior so that I wouldn’t make mistakes. But sometimes, I think they should have let me explore the world and discover things. I think that children are clever enough to think for themselves and should be encouraged to make their own decisions. And they won’t feel uneasy or at a loss when their parents are not around.

15. Did our parents allow you to speak to guests who came to your house? How did you feel if you were not allowed to? Sample No, they never did. They maintained that what adults were talking about was none of a child’s business. And they also thought it was impolite for a child “to interfere with” adults’ business. So I was never allowed to be involved in their conversation. I felt I was neglected. In order to capture their attention, I deliberately became mischievous. As you can imagine, this kind of behavior brought about even worse Situations for me. Yes. I could talk freely with the guests of our family, especially when the visitors were our relatives or close friends of my parents. It doesn’t mean joined them all the time. I talked with them only about topics I knew about or I was interested in. If I had not been allowed to speak to them, I would have felt like a little child or an outsider even though I was not really young, and I would not have felt like part of the family.

17. Introduction (Para. 1) It is introduced in the article how teachers and parents can encourage creativity in children. An important strategy for parents and teachers to follow (Para. 2-3) The definition of creativity (Para. 4-5) A big problem in school(Para. 6) Children can obtain and give back information, but can’t figure out ways to apply what they know in new situations.

18. A new approach to teaching (Para. 7) • The approach: • Combining the basics with activities where the students must use their imagination. • How to do so: • By asking questions and meanwhile praising their ideas and new thoughts. • How to facilitate the process: • To create an atmosphere in which there is no risk in being creative—a place where wild ideas are honored and valued, never scorned or dismissed.

19. Things parents can do at home to encourage creativity (Para. 8-10) • To involve children in decision making. • To help children to understand the consequences of various decisions. • To encourage them to talk out loud about things they are doing. • To show a sense of humor. • To give children choices from their earliest age.

21. creativity (n.)(tittle) (=creativeness) the ability to produce new and original ideas and things; imagination and inventiveness 创造力, 创造 Ig. That dancer’s creativity on the stage is rather amazing.那位舞蹈演员在舞台上的创造力相当地惊人。 Createv. to cause (something new) to exist; produce (something new)创造, 创作, 引起, 造成 Ig. An artist should create beautiful things.一个艺术家应该创造美丽的东西。Extreme heat can create an illusion of water on a highway in the summer.盛夏酷暑会造成公路上有水的幻觉。 creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的 creation n. 1) 创造；建立2) 作品；创造物

22. practically (adv.)(Line 4, Para. 2) 1) almost; nearly 几乎，简直 The town was practically deserted.该镇几乎已空无一人。. 几乎所有成龙主演的电影都和中国功夫有关。 Practically all the movies starring Jackie Chan (Cheng Long) are closely related to Chinese kungfu. 2) relating to experience, reality or actionrather than ideas or imagination 实际上 He is practically a dictator. 他实际上是个独裁者。

23. strategy (Line 11, Para.3) n. 1) the art of planning in advance the movements of armies or forces in war 战略；战略学 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise _________________ are different concepts. 战略和战术是不同的概念。 Strategy and tactics Masters of strategy ________________ play a vital role on the battlefield. 战略家在战场上扮演着至关重要的角色。

24. 2) a particular plan for gaining success in a particular activity, e.g. in a war, a game, or a competition, or for personal advantage 策略；计谋 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise work out a strategy It is necessary for us to ________________ to deal with the current situation. 我们有必要制定策略来应对当下的局势。 marketing strategies Adopting appropriate _________________ eventually turned that company round. 采用合适的营销策略最终使那家公司扭亏为盈。

25. function (Line 14, Para. 3) v. (esp. of a thing) to be in action; work; operate 活动, 运行, 行使职责 Translation 这台电脑坏了/有点儿毛病。 This computer is not functioning/does not function properly. 这款手机还有MP3 的功能。 This cell phone can also function as an Mp3 player.

26. n. a natural or usual duty (of a person) or purpose (of a thing) 职责，职能；功能；作用 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise ____________________ is to lead his team to get victory of various matches. 教练的职责是带领球队去取得各种比赛的胜利。 The function of a coach Downloading games from the Internet is one of the ____________ of that electronic dictionary. 从网上下载游戏是那款电子字典的主要 功能之一。 key functions 相关词语： functional adj. 功能的

27. reach beyond (Line 15, Para. 4) beyond prep. (表示范围，限度)超出 beyond及其相关短语如： beyondone’s reach=beyond the reach of somebody 在某人伸手够不着的地方 Translation The microphone is beyond my reach. Would you please pass it to me? 我够不到麦克风，能把它递给我吗？ The medicine should be kept beyond the reach of children. 药品应该放到孩子够不到的地方。

28. 类似短语包括： beyond one’s target超过了指标; beyond one’s power/ ability是某人力所不能及的等， beyond the range of超出了范围或射程 Translation Many villages have gone beyond their targets for grain production. 很多村庄的粮食产量都超过了指标。 I’m sorry to tell you that to set him free is beyond my power. 我很遗憾的告诉你我没有释放他的权利。 相关反义短语： within one’s reach …可够得到的；within one’s power… 是某人力所能及的；within the range of在范围或射程之内

29. approach (v.)(Line 16, Para. 4) 1) to begin to consider or deal with 开始考虑；开始着手；动手处理… Translation Your approach to teaching differs nothing from hers. 你的教学方法同她的教学方法并无不同之处。 It is advisable to take an open-minded approach to new ideas. 对新思想采取不存先入之见的态度是明智的。

30. 2) to come near or nearer (to) in space, time, quality, or quantity 接近；走近；靠近 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise 那个勇敢的士兵悄悄地靠近了敌人的营房。 That brave soldier _________________________. approached the enemy’s camp 圣诞到来之际，每个人都忙着给亲友 准备礼物。 __________________________, everyone is busy preparing gifts for their friends and relatives. When Christmas is approaching

31. approach(line 32, Para. 7) n. 1) a method of doing something or dealing with a problem方法, 步骤 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise It is unbelievable that such a young doctor presented ______________________________. 那样一位年轻的医生提出了一种治疗癌症的新方 法，这真让人难以置信。 a new approach to cancer treatment 我们建议冲突应该用外交途径解决。 We suggest the conflicts be settled by __________ __________. diplomatic approaches n. 2) the act of approaching 走近；靠近

32. promote (v.)(Line 21, Para. 6) 1) to help in the growth or development of 促进；发扬； 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise promote your health Drinking milk regularly will _________________. 平常多喝牛奶对你的健康有好处。 一位好的老板应该知道如何在员工中间发扬团队精神。 A good boss should know __________________ _______________________. how to promote team spirit among his employees 它们正在花巨资为他们的新产品做宣传促销。 They are spending large amount of money ___ ________________________. on promoting their new products

33. 2) to give (someone) a higher position or rank 晋升；提拔 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise That young army officer ______________________ _________ because of his bravery on the battlefield. 由于在战场上表现英勇，那位年轻的军官被提升为 陆军上尉(captain)。 was promoted to (the rank of) captain After that win, our team _____________________ _______________________________. 在那场胜利之后，我们的球队终于晋升为中国足球 超级联赛的球队。 was eventually promoted to the Chinese Football Super League

34. 3) to help actively in forming or arranging (a business, concert, play, etc.) 积极筹划 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise Lenovo Group match _________________________ between Chinese national team and Manchester United from England. 联想集团正在筹划一场英格兰曼联队和中国国家队的 足球友谊赛。 is promoting a friendly soccer To promote such a grand singing concert __________________________________ needs the financial support of the local enterprises. 筹办这样一场大型的演唱会需要当地企业的资金支 持。

35. sacrifice (Line 23, Para. 6) v. to lose or give up sth useful or important, esp. for good purpose or to gain a desirable result 牺牲；献身 常用结构：sacrifice…for…为…牺牲…; 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise It is the factory’s decision to ________________ ______ for the sake of long-term growth. 工厂决定为了长远的发展而牺牲短期的利润。 sacrifice short-term profits has sacrificed most of her leisure time She ________________________________ for the preparation of the upcoming TOEFL exam. 她已经把自己的大部分的业余时间用来准备即将到 来的托福考试。

36. n. (a) loss or giving up of something of value, esp. for what is believed to be a good purpose 牺牲，献身 常用结构：make a sacrifice for/to do…为…做 出牺牲; give up…as a sacrifice 牺牲… 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise gave up the spring festival Chinese table tennis team ______________________ holiday as a sacrifice to continue their routine training. 中国乒乓球队放弃春节假日继续日常训练。 made great sacrifices The twins’ parents to pay for __________________ their education. 那对双胞胎的父母为供他们上学而做出了巨大的牺 牲。

37. multiplication (n.) (Line 28, Para. 6) n. the process of adding a number to itself a particular number of times 乘法运算 Translation 二三得六就是乘法的一个简单的例子。 2×3=6 is an easy example of multiplication. 我的邻居的孩子三岁就能 背乘法表。 My neighbor’s son could recite the multiplication tables at the age of three.

38. 动词形式：multiply v. 1) to combine by multiplication 乘 三乘九等于二十七。 3 multiplied by 9 is 27. to multiply five by three 以三乘五 v. 2) to greatly increase in number or amount (大量地)增加 Translation The multiplication of numbers has made our club building too small. 会员的增加使得我们的俱乐部拥挤不堪。 自信可以增加一个人成功的机会。 Self-confidence could multiply one’s chances of success.

39. automatically (adv.) (Line 61, Para. 10) self-movingly; able to work or be worked without attention 自动地；机械地 • 形容词形式：automatic • (esp. of a machine) able to work or • move by itself without operation by • a person自动的；自动化的

40. Translation That machine has an automatic temperature control. 那台机器配有自动温控系统。 This washing-machine is fully automatic. 这台洗衣机是全自动的。 All the employees expect an automatic increase in pay every year.所有的员工都期待每年工资自然增长。

41. 2) done without conscious thought, esp. as a habit 习惯性的；不经思考的；机械的 Translation 因为我无法控制我自己，所以我不假思索地告诉了 她我们分开后发生的一切。 I told him everything happened after we parted automatically because I can’t help myself. 在日常工作中避免一些习惯性的错误并不容易。 Avoiding making some automatic mistakes in routine jobs is not an easy thing.

42. 相关词语： automate v. 使自动化, 自动操作 automation n. 自动控制, 自动操作 Translation 由于工业自动化，很多人失去了他们的工作。 A lot of people have lost their jobs because of industrial automation. 在我国实现农业机械化还有很长的路 要走。 There is still a long way to go to realize agricultural automation in our country.

44. It is a strategy that more and more companies are employing and one that experts around the country say we ought to be following with our children, both at home and at school.(Line 11-13，Para.3) 译 文 现在这种策略已被越来越多的公司所采用，而且全国各地的专家认为，对孩子也应仿效这种做法，无论是在家里还是在学校。 It is a strategy that…强调句型, 强调句子的宾语strategy。句中 的one指 strategy。

45. Example It is such a good opportunity that we should not / must not miss. 这样好的机会我们一定不能错过。 Itis in the air that people breathe. It is in the soil, the ground that grows the food. 人们在空中呼吸，食物在地上生长。 It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health. 只有当压力失去控制时才会使人表现失常，健康不佳。

46. Creativity is not something one is just born with, nor is it necessarily a characteristic of high intelligence. ( Line17-18，Para.5) 译 文 创造性并非与生俱来，也不一定就是高智慧的特征。 nor is it…为倒装句。 表示否定意义的词或短语如neither, nor 等位于句首时句子要倒装。

47. be born with意为“生来就有……” Example The ability to speak is born with. 说话的能力是天生的。 She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth. 她生来富贵。

48. For example, instead of simply asking WHEN Columbus discovered the New World, teachers might ask students to think about what would have happened if his trip had taken him to New York first instead of to the Caribbean area. (Line29-31，Para.7) 译 文 比如，教师不再简单地问学生哥伦布何时发现了新大陆，他们可能让学生思考如果哥伦布首先到达的不是加勒比地区而是纽约，情况会是如何。 构成与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句： 主句用would have done sth. 从句用had done sth. 如果主句是现在，从句是过去，则用混合虚拟语气，其形式为： 从句：if + 过去完成时; 主句：主+ would/ should/ could /might + 动词原形

49. Example If you hadn’t watched that late movie last night, you would not be sleepy in class. 如果昨晚你没有看那个晚间电影，你就不会在课堂上睡着了。 If Dick Drew had listened to his boss in 1925, we might not have a product that we now think of as practically essential: masking tape. (line 3-4, Para.2) 如果迪克•德鲁在1925年听从了他老板的话，那么今天我们就不会有这种我们认为很实用、很重要的产品—遮护胶带了。

50. Example If she had been warned earlier, she wouldn't have broken the rules. 如果她早点受到警告，她就不会违反规定了。 If the letter had been sent out, it would have ruined our friendship. 如果信已经送了，那一定就毁 了我们的友谊。