New College English (Book Two, Second Edition)

1. New College English (Book Two, Second Edition) Unit 8 Money

2. Contents Preparation 1 Words Study 2 3 Structure and Text 4 After-Class Reading 5 Writing 5 Writing and Translation

3. Background Information Normally we think of money as the coins and paper notes that are used as a standard medium of exchange or payment within any particular country. Great Britain has the pound, France has the franc, China has the Yuan, and the United States the dollar. But in all technologically advanced societies, there are now many different kinds of money. Aside from, real estate and other forms of material wealth like paintings or jewelry, some people can also own stocks and bonds.

4. There have always been moral issues related to money. Some societies regarded lavish spending as morally wrong, while others considered lending money at a high rate of interest as a social crime. Many stories have been written on the miser’s greed for money. According to bible, “the love of money is the root of all evil.” The famous playwright, George Bernard Shaw state that, in the final analysis, it was not the love but the lack of money that was the root of all evil. While it is true that money causes all kinds of problems, it is equally true that in today’s society it is a necessary evil.

5. PREPARATION

6. A Guessing Game My form delights every eye, And no one can my worth deny; Whatever my color I am of use, Though subject often to much abuse; The cause of anguish and of joy, For most will smile when I am by. When I am absent, small the power To cheer the melancholy hour; Possessing me to some does prove Their life, their soul, the all they love. Others with me can never agree, But quickly give me liberty; Few think of me enough they’ve got, But all can tell when they have not. The solution is ________________ Money

7. Getting to Know Your Classmates ◆Work in pairs to discuss the following questions about money in students’ life. 1) How do they obtain their money? 2) How do they spend their money? 3) What is their attitude toward money? Expressions you may use: Part-time job/bank loan/sholarship/ tuition fee/daily necessities/independent Remedial class/carry out Experiments / tapes/disks/CDs/earn by oneself/save

8. Sample 1 We both get money from our parents. Though they can afford our tuition fees and daily necessities, we think it’s a big sum of money and we should learn to be independent to some extent. One of us has decided to look for a part-time job. Yet, as it turns out, it’s really difficult because she lacks work experience.

9. Sample 2 Some of us get money form our parents and some of us mainly rely on the interest-free loan from the government. We spend our money on tuition, rent, books, CDs, and sometimes on transportation if we go to the downtown area of the city. I think we don’t have to possess a lot of money if we can afford the things we really need. That is , to have enough money is good enough for us.

10. If You Were a Millionaire… • Discuss in groups the following question, and then report the results to the whole class. If you were a millionaire, how would you spend your money? Expression maybe useful: Go traveling /all around the world /build an orphanage/the homeless /set up a fund /transportation /donate to/the Hope Project/ clothing

11. Samples If I were a millionaire, I would • Found a new university and make it a world-famous one. • Build a house in the countryside that is large enough to accommodate my big family, including my grandma and grandpa. • Travel around China and the world. My first stop would be Tibet. • Try to double it ,then triple it, and finally become a billionaire. • Set up and manage a football or a basketball team and help cultivate the sporting talents in Chinese kinds.

12. Cutting Down Expenses • Read Jack’s Monthly Budget. Work in groups to answer the following questions and decide what Jack should do to cut down his expenses. P 259 1）What will happen if he doesn’t pay his telephone bill? His gas bill? His TV payment? His bank loan payment? 2）Which bill should he pay first? 3)How could he have avoided this situation?

13. Sample answers: • If he doesn’t pay his telephone bill, he will not be able to use his phone because the line will be disconnected. If he doesn’t pay his gas bill, he will not be able to cook because the gas company will cut off the gas supply. If he doesn’t pay the cable company, he will not be able to watch cable TV. If he doesn’t pay his bank loan installment, the bank might repossess his car. • Perhaps the rent is what he should pay first, otherwise he would be homeless.

14. Sample answers: 3) He could save half of the rent (i.e. ＄150) if he shared an apartment wit another person. By making fewer calls he could save some money (e.g. ＄10) on the phone bill. Generally speaking, ＄200 should be enough for food if he cooked his own meals, so he can save ＄200 on food expense. Since he has to make both ends meet, he shouldn’t spend so much money on transportation. He can cut it down to ＄100, saving ＄20. In this way, he can save ＄380 in total. )

15. A Debate

16. A Debate Money Is All Powerful: In the modern society, people hold different opinions on money. Let’s have a debate on Money Is All Powerful. Before you start the debate, ▽you should firstly outline your arguments. The next slide is for your reference. • Buy source of living materials: food, house, etc. • Make the happiness possible by recreation, travel, etc. • Payment for education, medical care, etc. • Endless needs for money lead to various crimes. • To sacrifice love and friendship for money. • Overwork for more money at the cost of health and family. • Cant buy life

17. Proverbs and Sayings • Money makes mare go. 有钱能使鬼推磨。 • Money talks. 金钱万能。 • A man without money is no man at all. 一分钱难倒英雄汉。 • Prosperity makes friends, adversity tries them. 富贵结朋友, 患难见真情。 • Make money your servant, not your master. 让金钱做你的奴隶, 而不是主人。

18. Part Two In-Class Reading • Pre-reading Directions: Work in pairs and discuss the following questions. Do you budget your money? If not, why not? If so, how? ？ ？ ？

19. Sample 1 I budget my money, because I think money is important, especially for students. We get money from our parents. They work hard to support us, so we should learn to save money and not to waste anything. That’s why I usually budget my money. First, I put aside the money for food and books, because they are the most important part. Then I can use the rest of the money for entertainment, clothing, transportation and so on. Second, if I haven’t enough money left at the end of the month, I’ll cut down on my daily expenses such as snacks, CDs, drinks and so on. I usually think carefully before I buy anything so as to avoid wasting money.

20. Sample 2 I don’t usually budget my money. I know it’s a good idea to budget my money, but I just don’t know how. What’s more, I ‘m not used to arranging money matters by myself. I think it’s troublesome to write down what I have bought each time. And I believe I’m not wasting anything. In fact, I can ask my parents for more money when I run out of money. So I don’t budget my money now. Perhaps later on I will have to .

21. Text Structure 1.Introduction. (Par. 1-5) We are a people consumed by financial stress. 2.Worrying about money won’t do us any good. (Par. 6-11) Some unusual people live free from financial stress. A. Thomas Edison’s attitude toward money: He considered money a raw material to be used rather than amassed. B. John Wesley’s philosophy about money: Earn all you can, save all you can, give all you can.

22. 3.Money might be the root of all evil if we value it too much. (Par. 12-15) For example: The couple in “Elias” lived a happier life when they became poor and lived a simple life. 4.Conclusion. (Par. 16-17) A. It’s no use panicking and there are two alternative attitudes towardfinancial stress. Facing financial stress, we can panic, hoard and worry. B. We calm ourselves down, for money is merely a raw material to be plowed back into something else.

23. Summary At the beginning of the text, it tells us that on the list of items people worry about, money is almost always at the top. An investigation in the Wall Street Journal indicated that 70 percent of people have just enough money to live on and they can have little to save. Financial problems are the main causes of most of divorce causes. We are dominated and tortured by financial pressure. The people who can be free from the worries of financial pressure is unusual. For most of us, no matter how much we have, it is not enough. We have to realize that money is merely a raw material to be plowed back into something else.

24. Words Study 1.subtly[adv.] subtleadj. difficult to perceive or describe because fine or delicate 因精美或微妙而难以想象或描写的 e.g.The distinction between these two objects is quite subtle. Can you find it? 2. Financial[adj.] relating to or involving money 财政 的；经济的 e.g.That famous football club had to put several excellent players on sale due to financial stress. 名词形式：finance n. (science of) the management of (esp. public) money 财政；财政学；金融 e.g. Do you know who is the US Minister of Finance ? （财政部长）

25. 3. afford[v.] (usu. with can, could, or be able to) spare or find enough time or money for 省出或找到足够的时间或金钱去 （做某事）；买得起e.g.If you want to pass the CET-6 examination this semester, you can’t afford time for the online computer games. 4. cut back on[v.] reduce something greatly 减少；缩小；削减 e.g.In order to become more competitive, many multinationals are cutting back on their overseas employees at the moment. 5. contributing[adj.]贡献的；起作用的 e.g. It is talent and passion rather than his father’s reputation that become the contributing factors for Jaycee Chan’s (Fang Zuming) success in the show business. 动词形式：contribute V. e.g. That Hong Kong businessman regularly contributes to the Red Cross in the mainland.

26. 6.confirm[v.] make (power, ownership, opinions, rights, feelings, etc.) firmer or stronger 使······更巩固或坚强；证实 e.g. Please confirm your telephone message by writing to me. 名词形式：confirmation 7.consume[v.] use time, energy, goods, etc. 消耗；消费 e.g. That luxury car consumes much gasoline. 派生词 : consumer 消费者；用户 e.g. Many consumers have their views toward the price wars among automakers. 8. do… good[v.] benefit 对···有利 e.g.Eating more vegetables must do you good. e.g.Inviting Olympic champion as the image ambassador of our company will do good to the promotion of our products.

27. 9.aspire [v.] have a strong ambition to achieve something 渴望成就某事 e.g. aspire after truth e.g. aspire after knowledge e.g. aspire after a political career e.g. aspire to success e.g. aspire the highest position 名词形式：aspiration n. desire (for or after something, to be or do sth.) 愿望；希望；渴望；热望 e.g. His aspiration for fame is very strong.

28. 10.breed[n.] a type of 类型；种类 e.g. of all breeds and brands形形色色的 e.g. a dying breed 正在灭绝的品种 e.g. a good breed of cattle 良种牛 e.g. men of the same breed 同类型的人 e.g. a special breed of jealousy 一种特殊的妒忌

29. 11.plow back[v.] 1) put money that you have earned back into a business in order to make the business bigger and more successful 把（利润）再投资 e.g.It is necessary that we plow back the money we have earned to further enlarge our business. 2) break up (land) with a plow 犁（地）；耕（田）. 3) force a way through; advance laboriously 费力穿过；艰苦前进 e.g.That ship plowed through the heavy waves.

30. 12.in (the) light of[Prep.]in view of, considering something 依据···; 看来；鉴于；由于 e.g.In light of the strong demand across the Taiwan Straits the first ever Spring Festival charter flight for the Taiwanese business people was realized in the year of 2005. e.g.Such South Korean dramas as Double Take (Kanle Youkan) could become quite popular in the mainland of China partly in the light of their special display of East Asia’s traditional culture.

32. Language points 1. In my heart, I aspire to be like those lilies. But in my head, I feel a need to hoard. (Line 27) • 这两句话是平行结构。英语句子中为了表达同等重要的意思，或为了修辞的需要，有时使用相同的语法结构，这种现象叫作平行结构。使用平行结构时，一定要注意平行的两个部分必须在语法成分上是一致的。如词性、时态、单复数等都应一致。 • 本句中平行的两个部分分别是in my heart和in my head；I aspire to do sth.和I feel a need to do sth.更妙的是此处表示对比关系，对比的是“理智”与“情感”，head与heart；“浪漫”与“现实”，lilies与hoard。读来琅琅上口，回味无穷。 • 译文：尽管我的内心渴望像百合花那样生活，但我的头脑里却感到需要储藏囤积。

33. 2.It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress, or who can spend money on others as easily as he spends it on himself. (Line 28) ◆英语常用的强调结构是“It is +被强调部分(主语、宾语或状语) + who (that)... ”。一般说来，被强调部分指人时用who；指事物时用that，that也可以指人。在美国英语中指事物时常用which来代替that。要注意在强调时间、地点时，也用that。 ◆译文：那些能够不受经济困扰而生活的人，或者能把钱花在别人身上就像花在自己身上那么自在的人，是非同寻常的人。

34. 3.Several times he was all but bankrupt. (Line 36) ◆all but与almost，nearly同义，作“几乎”、“快要”解。 e.g. The job is all but finished.工作几乎做完了。 e.g. The performance was all but over when we arrived.当我们到达的时候，演出快要结束了。 ◆译文：有好几次他几近破产。

35. 4. We lay awake at night worrying, lest the ewes should lie on their lambs and we got up again and again to see that all was well. (Line 51) • lest 以免；唯恐；以防备 表否定目的的从属连词，其后的句子要使用虚拟语气。形式为“… lest +主语+ should +动词原形” ，其中should可省略。 e.g. I put away my pistol lest he (should) touch it.我把手枪收了起来，以免他去碰它。 ◆译文：我们晚上躺在床上，彻夜难眠地在担心，唯恐母羊压在了小羊的身上。于是我们一次次地起床，以确保一切平安。

36. After-Class Reading Passage 1 Elias: A Parable Decide whether the following are true or false according to the passage. 1. When Elias was a boy, his father passed away. 2. Elias had a son and two daughters. 3. When the couple became poor, their children kicked them out of the house. 4. The couple believed that a simple and peaceful life was a happy life. 5. The moral of this story is that money does not necessarily bring you happiness. Answers: (F) (F) (F) (T) (T)

37. Passage 2 A Letter to God Decide whether the following are true or false according to the passage. 1. At the beginning of the passage, what Lencho needed most was good harvest. 2. Lencho expected and got what he had expected from the God. 3. The rain later changed to a disaster. 4. Lencho seemed to rely a lot on the God and the God showed mercy to him. 5. Lencho pretended not to know the money was from the postmaster.. • Key: 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. F 5. F

38. Writing 提出主题的句型： On the list of items people worry about, money is almost always at the top. On the list of items students are interested in; on-line entertainment is always at the top. On the list of factors contributing to cancer, smoking is always at the top. On the list of items affecting students’ academic performance, teacher is always at the top. On the list of items leading a marriage to divorce, insincerity/ betrayal is always at the top.

39. 论证方法 引用研究结果 A study in The Wall Street Journal found that 70 percent of the public lives from paycheck to paycheck. A recent study from the Chinese Academy of Science showed/ indicates/ found/ realized that 58% students who failed the college attribute their academic failure to on-line games.(网络) 列数字 69% road accidents have been caused by the drunken driving. Half of the students go for further study and the rest of them go to find a job. 70% people with cancer list smoking as first contributing factor.

40. 引经据典： As Albert Einstein suggested/said, … As the old /popular saying goes, … There is a common/famous saying that … A noted/ eminent scholor/scientist once said that… My highly respected/honorable professor told us on the very first day of my be-loved university, “from now on, you’ll be on a journey between who you think you are and who you can be.” The Chinese/English language possesses a vivid saying that… We’ve grown up with a theory that “no pain, no gain.” There is a wisdom that stands above all others “Never never, no matter want, drop your egg.”有这样一条至理名言…

41. For example: • failure is the mother of success There is a saying that failure is the mother of success. But too many failures will make one frustrated and turn his spirit back to dust. So the key of success is to choosing the suitable task. • There is a will, there is a way.” A famous saying goes that /there is a saying that: “There is a will, there is a way.” But will itself can not lead you to success without the proper method. So in my opinion, the method you use plays even more important role in one’s journey success.  • Constant dripping wears away a stone.水滴石穿 Chinese language possesses a vivid saying that constant dripping dears away a stone. Constant dripping may not penetrate a stone, but without enough determination/persistence, nothing could be achieved in the world.

42. 押韵的使用加强语气 millions of people lost billions of dollars, on paper anyway. There was expert anxiety on Wall Street and old-fashioned worry on Main Street. We are a people consumed by financial stress. There was expert anxiety on Wall Street and old-fashioned worry on Main Street. After a boon, everything is a bloom. Tourist or terrorist 写作中常用的押韵词汇 Diligence and intelligence Prosperity and stability fame and fortune  One man’s meat is another man’s poison.  各有所好 sweetness/bitterness        breath/ death

43. Translation：英汉语言句法差异 句序的差异 A.修饰语位置差异 1）单词作定语 2）短语、从句作定语 B.复合从句的语序差异 1) 时间状语从句 2) 因果状语从句 3) 条件状语从句

44. A. 修饰语位置差异 1）单词作定语 a research-oriented hospital (前置) 一所以搞科研为重点的医院 (前置） Something important (后置) 重要的事情 （前置） 2）短语、从句作定语 A building project of high-rise apartment houses (后置) 一个多层公寓大楼的建筑项目 （前置） A candidate with little chance of success (后置) 一个当选希望极微的候选人 （前置） Particles moving round their atomic nucleus (后置) 环绕原子核运动的粒子 （前置）

45. Within hours of a recent major stock market drop, I telephoned my Ford dealer and ordered the station wagon that I test-drove the day before. (后置) 最近一次股市大跌后的几小时内，我就打电话给我的福特汽车商，订购了我前一天试开过的旅行车（前置） It is an unusual person who can live free from financial stress, or who can spendmoney on others as easily as he spends it on himself. (后置) 能够不受经济困扰而生活的人，或者能把钱花在别人身上就象花在自己身上那么自在的人，都是不寻常的人。

46. B. 复合从句的语序差异 1）时间状语从句 Nothing has happened since we parted. (后置) 我们分别之后，一直没有发生什么事情。 （前置） After I had my dinner, I went out for a walk. （前置） 我吃了晚饭后，出去散步。 （前置） 2）因果状语从句 As the weather was fine, we decided to climb the mountain. （前置） 由于天气很好，我们决定去爬山。 （前置） He had to stay at home yesterday because he was ill. (后置) 因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。 （前置）

47. 3）条件状语从句 Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do? （前置） 假定我们弄不到必要的设备，那怎么办？ （前置） He would be a rush man if he should venture to forecast the results of this event. (后置) 如果有人敢于预言此事的结果，那他一定是个鲁莽之 徒。 （前置）

48. Assignments

49. Writing exercise： 写作要求：在下面两个题目中任选一题写 一篇议论文。字数不少于120字。 1)Money in a Student’s Life 2) Money and Happiness

50. [范文] Money in a Student’s Life In student’s life, there are two main things. One is studying, and the other is daily life. In our studies, money is very important and necessary. We must pay the tuition fee to go to college. If we want to join in some activities, we have to pay some fees, for example, one yuan for an hour of computer use. We also need money to buy reference books. In daily life we spend money on food, clothes and other necessary articles. Sometimes we also spend money on tapes, films, etc. When we spend money we’ll pause and think: “Is it necessary to spend money on it?” At university, we don’t live with our parents, we have to budget our money by ourselves. We need to know in what cases we must spend it and in what cases we mustn’t. There are some students among us who think that earning a lot of money is more important than studying. That’s a one-sided view. Knowledge is priceless. Money in students’ life is not the primary thing we care about.