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Agricultural Biotechnology in India

Agricultural Biotechnology in India. Sanjay Saxena. “Transgenics” or GMOs are defined as those organisms with a gene or genetic construct of interest that has been introduced by molecular or recombinant DNA techniques. Transgenics.

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Agricultural Biotechnology in India

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  1. Agricultural Biotechnology in India Sanjay Saxena

  2. “Transgenics” or GMOs are defined as those organisms with a gene or genetic construct of interest that has been introduced by molecular or recombinant DNAtechniques

  3. Transgenics • The power of this technique lies in its ability to move genes from one organism to crop plants to impart novel characteristics • It is possible to transfer genetic material from algae, bacteria, viruses or animals to plants or to move genes between sexually incompatible species

  4. Gene gun

  5. Transformation by Gene gun

  6. Application of GM technology • Improving yield • Nutritional improvement • Increasing shelf life of fruits and vegetables by delayed ripening • Conferring resistance to insects, pests and viruses • Tolerance to abiotic stresses (drought, salt, water-logging) • Herbicide tolerance • Edible vaccines

  7. Control Flaver Saver

  8. GM crops : Global status (2005) • Developing countries : 11 • Industrial countries : 10 • Countries joining the GM club in 2005 (Iran, Portugal, France & Czech Republic) • No. of EU countries growing GM (2005) : 3 to 5(Spain & Germany) • No. of farmers growing GM crops globally : 8.5 million • No. of Indian farmers growing GM crops : 1 million • First triple gene product (maize) released in US in 2005

  9. Global area of Biotech crops in 2005 (Million hectares)

  10. Global area of Biotech crops in 2005 (Million hectares)

  11. Dominant Biotech Crops, 2005

  12. Global value of Biotech crop market

  13. VEGETABLES Tomato, Potato, Eggplant Lettuce, Celery, Cauliflower Cabbage, Sugarbeet, Carrot, Cucumbers, Sweetpotato, Cassava FRUITS Apple, Strawberry, Walnut, Muskmelon, Papaya, Grape Transgenic Crops for Food CEREALS Wheat, Rice Maize, Rye LEGUMES Soybean, Pigeon pea, Chick pea EDIBLE OILS Mustard Oilseed rape Canola Sunflower

  14. Agencies of Public sector promoting Agricultural Biotechnology • Ministry of Science and Technology • Department of Biotechnology • Department of Science And Technology • Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (Council for Scientific and Industrial Research) • Ministry of Agriculture • Department of Agricultural Research and Education • (Indian Council of Agricultural Research and Education)

  15. Biotech Industry in India (2004-05) BioPharma corners three-fourth of Indian market ($811 million out of $1070 million)

  16. Transgenic research in India (Public Sector) • AAU, Jorhat, Assam • Bose Institute, Kolkata • Central Institute for Cotton Research, Nagpur • Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla • Central Tobacco Research Institute, Rajahmundry • Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad • Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack • Delhi University, South Campus, New Delhi • Directorate of Rice Research, Hyderabad • IARI, New Delhi • IARI sub-station, Shillong

  17. Transgenic research in India (Public Sector) • International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi • International Crop Research Institute for Semi-arid Tropics, Hyderabad • Indian Institute of Horticulture Research, Bangalore • Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi • Madurai Kamraj University, Madurai • Narendra Dev University of Agriculture, Faizabad • National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow • Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana • Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore • TERI, New Delhi • University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore

  18. Transgenic research in India (Pvt. Sector) • Ankur Seeds Limited, Nagpur • Hybrid Rice International, Gurgaon • Indo American Hybrid Seeds, Bangalore • M/s MAHYCO, Mumbai • Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore • MAHYCO Research Foundation, Hyderabad • Monsanto, Mumbai • M/s Proagro PGS (India) Ltd., Gurgaon • Syngenta India, Limited, Pune • Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhi

  19. Target crops for transgenic research in India • Cereals Rice, Wheat, Maize • Grain legumes Chickpea, Mungbean, Black gram, Pigeonpea • OilseedsMustard, Ground nut • VegetablesBrinjal, Tomato, Potato, Chilli, Cabbage, Cauliflower • Fruits Papaya, Banana, Muskmelon • Medicinal plantsBrahmi • Others Cotton, Coffee, Tobacco

  20. Target traits • Disease resistance • Improving the quantity of the protein • Increasing vitamin content • Stress tolerance • Herbicide resistance • Delayed ripening • Edible vaccine

  21. Transgenic crops approved for field trialsin 2005 Brinjal • Mahyco, Mumbaicry1Ac • Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhicry1Ac • IARI, New Delhicry1F Cabbage • Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhicry1Ac Cauliflower • Sungro Seeds Ltd, New Delhicry1Ac Corn • Monsanto, MumbaiCry1Ab • Metahelix Life Sciences, BangaloreModified Mu-element (Turbo-Mu)

  22. Transgenic crops approved for field trialsin 2005 Cotton • Ajeet Seeds, Aurangabad cry1Ac, cryX • Ankur Seeds P.Ltd., Nagpur cry1Ac, cryX • M/s Bioseed Research India Pvt Ltd, Hyd cry1Ac, cryX • M/s Emergent Genetics India P. Ltd, Hyd cry1Ac, cryX • Ganga Kaveri Seeds Ltd, Hyderabad cry1Ac • Green Gold Seeds Ltd, Aurangabad GFM cry1Aa • JK Agri Genetics, Hyderabad cry1Ac • M/s Kaveri Seeds Co. P. Ltd, S’bad cry1Ac • Krishidhan Seeds, Jalna cry1Ac, cryX • Mahyco, Mumbai cryX • Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore cry1Ac • Nandi Seeds Pvt. Ltd Mehbubnagar cry1Ac • Namdhari Seeds Pvt. Ltd, Bangalore cry1Ac

  23. Transgenic crops approved for field trialsin 2005 Cotton • Nath Seeds, Aurangabad GFM cry1Aa • Nuziveedu Seeds, Hyderabad cry1Ac, cryX • Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd. Hyderabad cry1Ac • Pravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd Hyderabad cry1Ac • Proagro Seeds Co. Ltd Hyderabad cry1Ac • Rasi Seeds Ltd., Attur cryX • Syngenta India Ltd., Pune Vip-3A • Tulsi Seeds, Guntur cry1Ac, cryX • UAS, Dharwad cry1Ac • Vibha Agrotech Ltd. Hyderabad cry1Ac • Vikki’s Agrotech, Hyderabad cry1Ac • Vikram Seeds Ltd, Ahmedabad cry1Ac • Zuari Seeds Ltd. Bangalore GFM cry1Aa

  24. Transgenic crops approved for field trialsin 2005 Groundnut • ICRISAT, Hyderabad Coat protein of IPCV,Nucleo Capsid Protein of PBNV Mustard • UDSC, New Delhi barnase & barstar Okra • Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac Pigeonpea • ICRISAT, Hyderabad cry1Ac • IARI, New Delhi cry1Ac, cry1Aa + cry1B • Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac • Metahelix Life Sciences, Bangalore NHX gene Tomato • IARI, New Delhi anti-sense replicase gene of tomato leaf curl virus • Mahyco, Mumbai cry1Ac

  25. Bt cotton in India

  26. Bt cotton producing states in India State Area (M ha) • Maharashtra 0.607 • Andhra Pradesh 0.283 • Gujarat 0.164 • Madhya Pradesh 0.148 • Karnataka 0.040 • Tamil Nadu 0.029 • Northern states 0.064 Total 1.335

  27. Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial cultivation in various zones Source : MoEF

  28. Bt cotton varieties approved for commercial cultivation in various zones Central zone : MP, Maharashtra & Gujarat * not renewed for AP South Zone : AP, Karnataka & Tamil Nadu North Zone : Punjab, Rajasthan & Haryana

  29. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005 Central Zone • VCH-111 Bt : M/s Vikki Agrotech Ltd • GK- 204 Bt and GK- 205 Bt : M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds • PRCH-102 Bt : M/s. Paravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd • NPH-2171 : M/s Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd • RCH 377 Bt and RCH – 386 Bt : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd • ACH-155-1 : M/s Ajeet Seeds • Tulasi 4 Bt & Tulasi –117 Bt : M/s Tulasi Seeds Pvt. Ltd • Brahma Bt : M/s Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd • NCS 913 Bt : M/s. Nuziveedu Seed Ltd

  30. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005 Central Zone • KDCHH - 9810 Bt, KDCHH-621BG - II, KDCHH-441 BG- II : M/s Krishidhan seeds Ltd • RCH 515 BGII : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd • MRC- 7301 BG II, MRC-7326 BG II, MRC-7351 BG II, MRC-7341 BG II and MRC-7347 BG II : M/s Mahyco, • JK-Varun and JKCH 99 Bt : M/s J.K. Seeds • NCEH-2R Bt : M/s. Nath Seeds Ltd • 02- 41 Vip : M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd • ACH –11-2 BG-II and ACH –155-2 BG –II : M/s Ajeet Seeds Ltd. • VICH 5 and VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds

  31. Bt cotton varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005 South Zone • GK-207 Bt and GK-209 Bt : M/s Ganga Kaveri Seeds • NPH-2270 Bt and NPH-2171 Bt : M/s Prabhat Agri Biotech Ltd • PRCH-102 Bt and PRCH-103 Bt : M/s Paravardhan Seeds Pvt. Ltd • KDCHH-9632 Bt and KDCHH-9810 Bt : M/s Krishidhan Seeds Ltd • RCHB-708 Bt, RCHB-111 Bt and RCHB-371 Bt : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd • NCS-913 Bt : M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd • Brahma Bt and Paras Laxmi : M/s Emergent Genetics India Pvt. Ltd

  32. Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005 South Zone • MRC-7160 BG-II, MRC-7201 BG-II, MRC-7351 BG-II & MRC-7347 BG-II :M/s Mahyco • RCH-530 BG-II & RCH-533 BG-II :M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd • KDCHH-621 BG-II :M/s Krishidhan Seeds Ltd • J.K. Durga Bt & JKCH-99 Bt :M/s J.K. Seeds Ltd • NCEH-3R Bt :M/s Nath Seeds Ltd • Bunny Vip (02-41 Vip) & 02-42 Vip :M/s Syngenta Seeds Ltd • VICH 5 & VICH 9 :M/s Vikram Seeds

  33. Bt varieties approved for large-scale trials during Kharif 2005 North Zone • VICH 9 : M/s Vikram Seeds • MRC 6025 BG-I, MRC 6029 BG-I : M/s Mahyco • RCH 314 Bt & RCH 308 Bt : M/s Rasi Seeds Ltd. • NCS 138 Bt and NCS 913 Bt : M/s Nuziveedu Seeds Ltd. • MRC 7017 BG-II and MRC 7031 BG-II : M/s Mahyco • JHCH 1947 Bt : M/s J.K Agri Seeds Ltd. • NECH 6 R Bt : M/s Nath Seeds Ltd. • 02-58 vip-3 : M/s Syngenta Seeds India Ltd.

  34. Golden Rice Locally important varieties Kernel Hull Daffodils Agrobacteria Plasmids Genes Embryo 1 2 3 4 Provitamin A producing rice embryo Erwinia bacteria

  35. ß-carotene rich Mustard oil

  36. THANK YOU

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