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Classification of Living Hexapod Orders. Class Hexapoda (“six-legged” animals). “Entognatha” (3 orders) Insecta (28 orders). “Apterygota” (2 orders) Microcoryphia (=Archaeognatha), Thysanura Pterygota (winged insects) (26 orders). Some characters of the Pterygota:
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Classification of Living Hexapod Orders Class Hexapoda (“six-legged” animals) • “Entognatha” (3 orders) • Insecta(28 orders) • “Apterygota” (2 orders) • Microcoryphia (=Archaeognatha), Thysanura • Pterygota(winged insects) (26 orders) • Some characters of the Pterygota: • “wings” present (character complex: wings, flight musculature, pterothorax restructuring [high pleura, apodemes, axillary sclerites]) • head tentoria fused • Circum- and suboesophageal blood vessels lost • “Paleoptera” (“ancient-winged” insects) (2 orders) • Ephemeroptera • Odonata
Ephemeroptera (adult head) • mouthparts vestigial • eyes often dimorphic (males only) • ocelli present • antennae short enlarged “turbinate” eye small lateral eye
Ephemeroptera (adult thorax) • 1-2 pairs wings present • legs usu. well-developed
Ephemeroptera (adult abdomen) • 10-segmented • styli absent • exsertile vesicles absent • cerci present • median caudal filament present or absent
Ephemeroptera (life cycle) swarm mating molt to adult oviposition oviposition eggs subimago emergence adult death eggs larval development
Ephemeroptera (life cycle) elongate male foreleg upward looking male eye
Ephemeroptera (mating swarms) dopler radar image of mayfly swarm
Ephemeroptera (life cycle) larval gills
Ephemeroptera (fauna) • World Fauna • ca. 30 families • ca. 2000 species • North American Fauna • 21 families • Baetidae (lab) • Caenidae (lab) • Ephemeridae (lab) • Heptageniidae (lab) • Polymitarcyidae (lab) • ca. 600 species
Order Ephemeroptera FINIS
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Order Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae ephe0001 CSIRO 1991:280
ephe0032 mating position ephe0031 mating swarm Order Ephemeroptera CSIRO 1991:21 (32); Edmunds et al. 1976:17 (31)
ephe0033, egg Order Ephemeroptera CSIRO 1991:283 (33)
ephe0035 larval morphology Order Ephemeroptera ephe0034 mouthparts ephe0036 gills CSIRO 1991:292 (36); Edmunds et al. 1976:42 (35), 43 (34)
ephe0004 Ephemeroptera : Baetidae ephe0005 ephe0003 ephe0002 CSIRO 1991:288 (5); Edmunds et al. 1976:160 (3), 167 (2); Merritt & Cummins 1984:115 (4)
Ephemeroptera : Baetidae ephe0030 Centroptilum sp. ephe0029 Centroptilum sp. ephe0002 Callibaetis sp. CSIRO 1991:290 (29, 30); Edmunds et al. 1976:167 (2)
Ephemeroptera : Heptageniidae ephe0025 Stenonemia sp. ephe0024 Stenonema sp. Borror et al. 1989:182 (25); Edmunds et al. 1976:203 (24)
ephe0027 Arthroplea sp. ephe0028 Anepeorus sp. ephe0026 Epeorus sp. Ephemeroptera : Heptageniidae Edmunds et al. 1976:191 (26), 207 (27), 211 (28)
ephe0007 Hexagenia sp. ephe0006 Hexagenia sp. Ephemeroptera : Ephemeridae Edmunds et al. 1976:289 (6); Borrer et al. 1989:176 (7)
ephe0009, Ephemera sp. ephe0008 Hexagenia sp. ephe00010, Hexagenia sp. Ephemeroptera : Ephemeridae Edmunds et al. 1976:6 (10), 55 (9), 285 (8)
ephe0012 Hexagenia sp. ephe0011 Hexagenia sp. Ephemeroptera : Ephemeridae Edmunds et al. 1976:4 (11), 5 (12)
ephe0016 Tortopus sp. Campsurus sp. ephe0018 Ephoron sp. ephe0017 Campsurus sp. Ephemeroptera : Polymitarcyidae Borror et al. 1989:182 (18); Edmunds et al. 1976:113 (16, 17)
ephe0015 Ephoron sp. ephe0014 Campsurus sp. ephe0013 Ephoron sp. Ephemeroptera : Polymitarcyidae Edmunds et al. 1976:55 (15), 296 (13), 299 (14)
ephe0020 Tasmanocoenis sp. ephe0019 Caenis sp. Ephemeroptera : Caenidae CSIRO 1991:288 (20); Edmunds et al. 1976:267 (19)
ephe0023 Brachycercus sp. ephe0021 Brachycercus sp. ephe0022 Tasmanocoenis sp. Ephemeroptera : Caenidae CSIRO 1991:290 (22); Edmunds et al. 1976:265 (21, 23)